Blenkernel: move DerivedMesh.c to c++

Required changes to make it compile with clang tidy:
* Use c++ includes like (e.g. climits instead limits.h).
* Insert type casts when casting from void* to something else.
* Replace NULL with nullptr.
* Insert casts from int to enum.
* Replace designed initializers (not supported in C++ yet).
* Use blender::Vector instead of BLI_array_staticdeclare (does not compile with C++).
* Replace typedef statements.

Ref T83357.

source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_cloth.c

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static void deformVerts(ModifierData *md,
     mesh_src = (Mesh *)BKE_id_copy_ex(NULL, (ID *)mesh, NULL, LIB_ID_COPY_LOCALIZE);
   }
 
-  /* TODO(sergey): For now it actually duplicates logic from DerivedMesh.c
+  /* TODO(sergey): For now it actually duplicates logic from DerivedMesh.cc
    * and needs some more generic solution. But starting experimenting with
    * this so close to the release is not that nice..
    *