Modernize loops by using the `for(type variable : container)` syntax. Some loops were trivial to fix, whereas others required more attention to avoid semantic changes. I couldn't address all old-style loops, so this commit doesn't enable the `modernize-loop-convert` rule. Although Clang-Tidy's auto-fixer prefers to use `auto` for the loop variable declaration, I made as many declarations as possible explicit. To me this increases local readability, as you don't need to fully understand the container in order to understand the loop variable type. No functional changes.