The code already had a check for meshes with zero triangles, but it didn't catch the case where all triangles are flagged as degenerate. A simple way to reproduce this is to take a mesh and scale it to zero. After checking the code, it turns out that in this case it's supposed to just set all tangents to zero, so the fix simply is to detect this case and skip the computation.
MikkTSpace
A common standard for tangent space used in baking tools to produce normal maps.
More information can be found at http://www.mikktspace.com/.