blender-archive/source/blender/python/mathutils/mathutils_Quaternion.c

/*
 * ***** BEGIN GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * Contributor(s): Joseph Gilbert
 *
 * ***** END GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 */

/** \file blender/python/mathutils/mathutils_Quaternion.c
 *  \ingroup pymathutils
 */


#include <Python.h>

#include "mathutils.h"

#include "BLI_math.h"
#include "BLI_utildefines.h"

#ifndef MATH_STANDALONE
#  include "BLI_dynstr.h"
#endif

#define QUAT_SIZE 4

static PyObject *quat__apply_to_copy(PyNoArgsFunction quat_func, QuaternionObject *self);
static void      quat__axis_angle_sanitize(float axis[3], float *angle);
static PyObject *Quaternion_copy(QuaternionObject *self);
static PyObject *Quaternion_deepcopy(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *args);

/* -----------------------------METHODS------------------------------ */

/* note: BaseMath_ReadCallback must be called beforehand */
static PyObject *Quaternion_to_tuple_ext(QuaternionObject *self, int ndigits)
{
	PyObject *ret;
	int i;

	ret = PyTuple_New(QUAT_SIZE);

	if (ndigits >= 0) {
		for (i = 0; i < QUAT_SIZE; i++) {
			PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(double_round((double)self->quat[i], ndigits)));
		}
	}
	else {
		for (i = 0; i < QUAT_SIZE; i++) {
			PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, i, PyFloat_FromDouble(self->quat[i]));
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_to_euler_doc,
".. method:: to_euler(order, euler_compat)\n"
"\n"
"   Return Euler representation of the quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg order: Optional rotation order argument in\n"
"      ['XYZ', 'XZY', 'YXZ', 'YZX', 'ZXY', 'ZYX'].\n"
"   :type order: string\n"
"   :arg euler_compat: Optional euler argument the new euler will be made\n"
"      compatible with (no axis flipping between them).\n"
"      Useful for converting a series of matrices to animation curves.\n"
"   :type euler_compat: :class:`Euler`\n"
"   :return: Euler representation of the quaternion.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Euler`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_to_euler(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	float tquat[4];
	float eul[3];
	const char *order_str = NULL;
	short order = EULER_ORDER_XYZ;
	EulerObject *eul_compat = NULL;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|sO!:to_euler", &order_str, &euler_Type, &eul_compat))
		return NULL;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (order_str) {
		order = euler_order_from_string(order_str, "Matrix.to_euler()");

		if (order == -1)
			return NULL;
	}

	normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);

	if (eul_compat) {
		float mat[3][3];

		if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(eul_compat) == -1)
			return NULL;

		quat_to_mat3(mat, tquat);

		if (order == EULER_ORDER_XYZ)  mat3_to_compatible_eul(eul, eul_compat->eul, mat);
		else                           mat3_to_compatible_eulO(eul, eul_compat->eul, order, mat);
	}
	else {
		if (order == EULER_ORDER_XYZ)  quat_to_eul(eul, tquat);
		else                           quat_to_eulO(eul, order, tquat);
	}

	return Euler_CreatePyObject(eul, order, Py_NEW, NULL);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_to_matrix_doc,
".. method:: to_matrix()\n"
"\n"
"   Return a matrix representation of the quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: A 3x3 rotation matrix representation of the quaternion.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Matrix`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_to_matrix(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	float mat[9]; /* all values are set */

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	quat_to_mat3((float (*)[3])mat, self->quat);
	return Matrix_CreatePyObject(mat, 3, 3, Py_NEW, NULL);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_to_axis_angle_doc,
".. method:: to_axis_angle()\n"
"\n"
"   Return the axis, angle representation of the quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: axis, angle.\n"
"   :rtype: (:class:`Vector`, float) pair\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_to_axis_angle(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	PyObject *ret;

	float tquat[4];

	float axis[3];
	float angle;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);
	quat_to_axis_angle(axis, &angle, tquat);

	quat__axis_angle_sanitize(axis, &angle);

	ret = PyTuple_New(2);
	PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, 0, Vector_CreatePyObject(axis, 3, Py_NEW, NULL));
	PyTuple_SET_ITEM(ret, 1, PyFloat_FromDouble(angle));
	return ret;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_cross_doc,
".. method:: cross(other)\n"
"\n"
"   Return the cross product of this quaternion and another.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg other: The other quaternion to perform the cross product with.\n"
"   :type other: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
"   :return: The cross product.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_cross(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE], tquat[QUAT_SIZE];

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (mathutils_array_parse(tquat, QUAT_SIZE, QUAT_SIZE, value,
	                          "Quaternion.cross(other), invalid 'other' arg") == -1)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	mul_qt_qtqt(quat, self->quat, tquat);
	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(self));
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_dot_doc,
".. method:: dot(other)\n"
"\n"
"   Return the dot product of this quaternion and another.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg other: The other quaternion to perform the dot product with.\n"
"   :type other: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
"   :return: The dot product.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_dot(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
	float tquat[QUAT_SIZE];

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (mathutils_array_parse(tquat, QUAT_SIZE, QUAT_SIZE, value,
	                          "Quaternion.dot(other), invalid 'other' arg") == -1)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	return PyFloat_FromDouble(dot_qtqt(self->quat, tquat));
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_rotation_difference_doc,
".. function:: rotation_difference(other)\n"
"\n"
"   Returns a quaternion representing the rotational difference.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg other: second quaternion.\n"
"   :type other: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
"   :return: the rotational difference between the two quat rotations.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_rotation_difference(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
	float tquat[QUAT_SIZE], quat[QUAT_SIZE];

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (mathutils_array_parse(tquat, QUAT_SIZE, QUAT_SIZE, value,
	                          "Quaternion.difference(other), invalid 'other' arg") == -1)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	rotation_between_quats_to_quat(quat, self->quat, tquat);

	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(self));
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_slerp_doc,
".. function:: slerp(other, factor)\n"
"\n"
"   Returns the interpolation of two quaternions.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg other: value to interpolate with.\n"
"   :type other: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
"   :arg factor: The interpolation value in [0.0, 1.0].\n"
"   :type factor: float\n"
"   :return: The interpolated rotation.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_slerp(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	PyObject *value;
	float tquat[QUAT_SIZE], quat[QUAT_SIZE], fac;

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Of:slerp", &value, &fac)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		                "quat.slerp(): "
		                "expected Quaternion types and float");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (mathutils_array_parse(tquat, QUAT_SIZE, QUAT_SIZE, value,
	                          "Quaternion.slerp(other), invalid 'other' arg") == -1)
	{
		return NULL;
	}

	if (fac > 1.0f || fac < 0.0f) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
		                "quat.slerp(): "
		                "interpolation factor must be between 0.0 and 1.0");
		return NULL;
	}

	interp_qt_qtqt(quat, self->quat, tquat, fac);

	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(self));
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_rotate_doc,
".. method:: rotate(other)\n"
"\n"
"   Rotates the quaternion a by another mathutils value.\n"
"\n"
"   :arg other: rotation component of mathutils value\n"
"   :type other: :class:`Euler`, :class:`Quaternion` or :class:`Matrix`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_rotate(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value)
{
	float self_rmat[3][3], other_rmat[3][3], rmat[3][3];
	float tquat[4], length;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	if (mathutils_any_to_rotmat(other_rmat, value, "Quaternion.rotate(value)") == -1)
		return NULL;

	length = normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);
	quat_to_mat3(self_rmat, tquat);
	mul_m3_m3m3(rmat, other_rmat, self_rmat);

	mat3_to_quat(self->quat, rmat);
	mul_qt_fl(self->quat, length); /* maintain length after rotating */

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* ----------------------------Quaternion.normalize()---------------- */
/* normalize the axis of rotation of [theta, vector] */
PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_normalize_doc,
".. function:: normalize()\n"
"\n"
"   Normalize the quaternion.\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_normalize(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	normalize_qt(self->quat);

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_normalized_doc,
".. function:: normalized()\n"
"\n"
"   Return a new normalized quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: a normalized copy.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_normalized(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	return quat__apply_to_copy((PyNoArgsFunction)Quaternion_normalize, self);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_invert_doc,
".. function:: invert()\n"
"\n"
"   Set the quaternion to its inverse.\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_invert(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	invert_qt(self->quat);

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_inverted_doc,
".. function:: inverted()\n"
"\n"
"   Return a new, inverted quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: the inverted value.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_inverted(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	return quat__apply_to_copy((PyNoArgsFunction)Quaternion_invert, self);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_identity_doc,
".. function:: identity()\n"
"\n"
"   Set the quaternion to an identity quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: an instance of itself.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_identity(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	unit_qt(self->quat);

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_negate_doc,
".. function:: negate()\n"
"\n"
"   Set the quaternion to its negative.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: an instance of itself.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_negate(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	mul_qt_fl(self->quat, -1.0f);

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_conjugate_doc,
".. function:: conjugate()\n"
"\n"
"   Set the quaternion to its conjugate (negate x, y, z).\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_conjugate(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	conjugate_qt(self->quat);

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_conjugated_doc,
".. function:: conjugated()\n"
"\n"
"   Return a new conjugated quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: a new quaternion.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_conjugated(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	return quat__apply_to_copy((PyNoArgsFunction)Quaternion_conjugate, self);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_copy_doc,
".. function:: copy()\n"
"\n"
"   Returns a copy of this quaternion.\n"
"\n"
"   :return: A copy of the quaternion.\n"
"   :rtype: :class:`Quaternion`\n"
"\n"
"   .. note:: use this to get a copy of a wrapped quaternion with\n"
"      no reference to the original data.\n"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_copy(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(self->quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(self));
}
static PyObject *Quaternion_deepcopy(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
	if (!mathutils_deepcopy_args_check(args))
		return NULL;
	return Quaternion_copy(self);
}

/* print the object to screen */
static PyObject *Quaternion_repr(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	PyObject *ret, *tuple;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	tuple = Quaternion_to_tuple_ext(self, -1);

	ret = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Quaternion(%R)", tuple);

	Py_DECREF(tuple);
	return ret;
}

#ifndef MATH_STANDALONE
static PyObject *Quaternion_str(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	DynStr *ds;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	ds = BLI_dynstr_new();

	BLI_dynstr_appendf(ds, "<Quaternion (w=%.4f, x=%.4f, y=%.4f, z=%.4f)>",
	                   self->quat[0], self->quat[1], self->quat[2], self->quat[3]);

	return mathutils_dynstr_to_py(ds); /* frees ds */
}
#endif

static PyObject *Quaternion_richcmpr(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int op)
{
	PyObject *res;
	int ok = -1; /* zero is true */

	if (QuaternionObject_Check(a) && QuaternionObject_Check(b)) {
		QuaternionObject *quatA = (QuaternionObject *)a;
		QuaternionObject *quatB = (QuaternionObject *)b;

		if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(quatA) == -1 || BaseMath_ReadCallback(quatB) == -1)
			return NULL;

		ok = (EXPP_VectorsAreEqual(quatA->quat, quatB->quat, QUAT_SIZE, 1)) ? 0 : -1;
	}

	switch (op) {
		case Py_NE:
			ok = !ok;
			/* fall-through */
		case Py_EQ:
			res = ok ? Py_False : Py_True;
			break;

		case Py_LT:
		case Py_LE:
		case Py_GT:
		case Py_GE:
			res = Py_NotImplemented;
			break;
		default:
			PyErr_BadArgument();
			return NULL;
	}

	return Py_INCREF(res), res;
}

/* ---------------------SEQUENCE PROTOCOLS------------------------ */
/* ----------------------------len(object)------------------------ */
/* sequence length */
static int Quaternion_len(QuaternionObject *UNUSED(self))
{
	return QUAT_SIZE;
}
/* ----------------------------object[]--------------------------- */
/* sequence accessor (get) */
static PyObject *Quaternion_item(QuaternionObject *self, int i)
{
	if (i < 0) i = QUAT_SIZE - i;

	if (i < 0 || i >= QUAT_SIZE) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
		                "quaternion[attribute]: "
		                "array index out of range");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (BaseMath_ReadIndexCallback(self, i) == -1)
		return NULL;

	return PyFloat_FromDouble(self->quat[i]);

}
/* ----------------------------object[]------------------------- */
/* sequence accessor (set) */
static int Quaternion_ass_item(QuaternionObject *self, int i, PyObject *ob)
{
	float scalar = (float)PyFloat_AsDouble(ob);
	if (scalar == -1.0f && PyErr_Occurred()) { /* parsed item not a number */
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		                "quaternion[index] = x: "
		                "index argument not a number");
		return -1;
	}

	if (i < 0) i = QUAT_SIZE - i;

	if (i < 0 || i >= QUAT_SIZE) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
		                "quaternion[attribute] = x: "
		                "array assignment index out of range");
		return -1;
	}
	self->quat[i] = scalar;

	if (BaseMath_WriteIndexCallback(self, i) == -1)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}
/* ----------------------------object[z:y]------------------------ */
/* sequence slice (get) */
static PyObject *Quaternion_slice(QuaternionObject *self, int begin, int end)
{
	PyObject *tuple;
	int count;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	CLAMP(begin, 0, QUAT_SIZE);
	if (end < 0) end = (QUAT_SIZE + 1) + end;
	CLAMP(end, 0, QUAT_SIZE);
	begin = MIN2(begin, end);

	tuple = PyTuple_New(end - begin);
	for (count = begin; count < end; count++) {
		PyTuple_SET_ITEM(tuple, count - begin, PyFloat_FromDouble(self->quat[count]));
	}

	return tuple;
}
/* ----------------------------object[z:y]------------------------ */
/* sequence slice (set) */
static int Quaternion_ass_slice(QuaternionObject *self, int begin, int end, PyObject *seq)
{
	int i, size;
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE];

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return -1;

	CLAMP(begin, 0, QUAT_SIZE);
	if (end < 0) end = (QUAT_SIZE + 1) + end;
	CLAMP(end, 0, QUAT_SIZE);
	begin = MIN2(begin, end);

	if ((size = mathutils_array_parse(quat, 0, QUAT_SIZE, seq, "mathutils.Quaternion[begin:end] = []")) == -1)
		return -1;

	if (size != (end - begin)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
		                "quaternion[begin:end] = []: "
		                "size mismatch in slice assignment");
		return -1;
	}

	/* parsed well - now set in vector */
	for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		self->quat[begin + i] = quat[i];

	(void)BaseMath_WriteCallback(self);
	return 0;
}


static PyObject *Quaternion_subscript(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *item)
{
	if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
		Py_ssize_t i;
		i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
		if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return NULL;
		if (i < 0)
			i += QUAT_SIZE;
		return Quaternion_item(self, i);
	}
	else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
		Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength;

		if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(item, QUAT_SIZE, &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0)
			return NULL;

		if (slicelength <= 0) {
			return PyTuple_New(0);
		}
		else if (step == 1) {
			return Quaternion_slice(self, start, stop);
		}
		else {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
			                "slice steps not supported with quaternions");
			return NULL;
		}
	}
	else {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
		             "quaternion indices must be integers, not %.200s",
		             Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
		return NULL;
	}
}


static int Quaternion_ass_subscript(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *item, PyObject *value)
{
	if (PyIndex_Check(item)) {
		Py_ssize_t i = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(item, PyExc_IndexError);
		if (i == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return -1;
		if (i < 0)
			i += QUAT_SIZE;
		return Quaternion_ass_item(self, i, value);
	}
	else if (PySlice_Check(item)) {
		Py_ssize_t start, stop, step, slicelength;

		if (PySlice_GetIndicesEx(item, QUAT_SIZE, &start, &stop, &step, &slicelength) < 0)
			return -1;

		if (step == 1)
			return Quaternion_ass_slice(self, start, stop, value);
		else {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IndexError,
			                "slice steps not supported with quaternion");
			return -1;
		}
	}
	else {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
		             "quaternion indices must be integers, not %.200s",
		             Py_TYPE(item)->tp_name);
		return -1;
	}
}

/* ------------------------NUMERIC PROTOCOLS---------------------- */
/* ------------------------obj + obj------------------------------ */
/* addition */
static PyObject *Quaternion_add(PyObject *q1, PyObject *q2)
{
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE];
	QuaternionObject *quat1 = NULL, *quat2 = NULL;

	if (!QuaternionObject_Check(q1) || !QuaternionObject_Check(q2)) {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
		             "Quaternion addition: (%s + %s) "
		             "invalid type for this operation",
		             Py_TYPE(q1)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(q2)->tp_name);
		return NULL;
	}
	quat1 = (QuaternionObject *)q1;
	quat2 = (QuaternionObject *)q2;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat1) == -1 || BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat2) == -1)
		return NULL;

	add_qt_qtqt(quat, quat1->quat, quat2->quat, 1.0f);
	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(q1));
}
/* ------------------------obj - obj------------------------------ */
/* subtraction */
static PyObject *Quaternion_sub(PyObject *q1, PyObject *q2)
{
	int x;
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE];
	QuaternionObject *quat1 = NULL, *quat2 = NULL;

	if (!QuaternionObject_Check(q1) || !QuaternionObject_Check(q2)) {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
		             "Quaternion subtraction: (%s - %s) "
		             "invalid type for this operation",
		             Py_TYPE(q1)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(q2)->tp_name);
		return NULL;
	}

	quat1 = (QuaternionObject *)q1;
	quat2 = (QuaternionObject *)q2;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat1) == -1 || BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat2) == -1)
		return NULL;

	for (x = 0; x < QUAT_SIZE; x++) {
		quat[x] = quat1->quat[x] - quat2->quat[x];
	}

	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(q1));
}

static PyObject *quat_mul_float(QuaternionObject *quat, const float scalar)
{
	float tquat[4];
	copy_qt_qt(tquat, quat->quat);
	mul_qt_fl(tquat, scalar);
	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(tquat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(quat));
}

/*------------------------obj * obj------------------------------
 * multiplication */
static PyObject *Quaternion_mul(PyObject *q1, PyObject *q2)
{
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE], scalar;
	QuaternionObject *quat1 = NULL, *quat2 = NULL;

	if (QuaternionObject_Check(q1)) {
		quat1 = (QuaternionObject *)q1;
		if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat1) == -1)
			return NULL;
	}
	if (QuaternionObject_Check(q2)) {
		quat2 = (QuaternionObject *)q2;
		if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(quat2) == -1)
			return NULL;
	}

	if (quat1 && quat2) { /* QUAT * QUAT (cross product) */
		mul_qt_qtqt(quat, quat1->quat, quat2->quat);
		return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(q1));
	}
	/* the only case this can happen (for a supported type is "FLOAT * QUAT") */
	else if (quat2) { /* FLOAT * QUAT */
		if (((scalar = PyFloat_AsDouble(q1)) == -1.0f && PyErr_Occurred()) == 0) {
			return quat_mul_float(quat2, scalar);
		}
	}
	else if (quat1) {
		/* QUAT * VEC */
		if (VectorObject_Check(q2)) {
			VectorObject *vec2 = (VectorObject *)q2;
			float tvec[3];

			if (vec2->size != 3) {
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
				                "Vector multiplication: "
				                "only 3D vector rotations (with quats) "
				                "currently supported");
				return NULL;
			}
			if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(vec2) == -1) {
				return NULL;
			}

			copy_v3_v3(tvec, vec2->vec);
			mul_qt_v3(quat1->quat, tvec);

			return Vector_CreatePyObject(tvec, 3, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(vec2));
		}
		/* QUAT * FLOAT */
		else if ((((scalar = PyFloat_AsDouble(q2)) == -1.0f && PyErr_Occurred()) == 0)) {
			return quat_mul_float(quat1, scalar);
		}
	}
	else {
		BLI_assert(!"internal error");
	}

	PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
	             "Quaternion multiplication: "
	             "not supported between '%.200s' and '%.200s' types",
	             Py_TYPE(q1)->tp_name, Py_TYPE(q2)->tp_name);
	return NULL;
}

/* -obj
 * returns the negative of this object*/
static PyObject *Quaternion_neg(QuaternionObject *self)
{
	float tquat[QUAT_SIZE];

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	negate_v4_v4(tquat, self->quat);
	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(tquat, Py_NEW, Py_TYPE(self));
}


/* -----------------PROTOCOL DECLARATIONS-------------------------- */
static PySequenceMethods Quaternion_SeqMethods = {
	(lenfunc) Quaternion_len,               /* sq_length */
	(binaryfunc) NULL,                      /* sq_concat */
	(ssizeargfunc) NULL,                    /* sq_repeat */
	(ssizeargfunc) Quaternion_item,         /* sq_item */
	(ssizessizeargfunc) NULL,               /* sq_slice, deprecated */
	(ssizeobjargproc) Quaternion_ass_item,  /* sq_ass_item */
	(ssizessizeobjargproc) NULL,            /* sq_ass_slice, deprecated */
	(objobjproc) NULL,                      /* sq_contains */
	(binaryfunc) NULL,                      /* sq_inplace_concat */
	(ssizeargfunc) NULL,                    /* sq_inplace_repeat */
};

static PyMappingMethods Quaternion_AsMapping = {
	(lenfunc)Quaternion_len,
	(binaryfunc)Quaternion_subscript,
	(objobjargproc)Quaternion_ass_subscript
};

static PyNumberMethods Quaternion_NumMethods = {
	(binaryfunc)    Quaternion_add, /*nb_add*/
	(binaryfunc)    Quaternion_sub, /*nb_subtract*/
	(binaryfunc)    Quaternion_mul, /*nb_multiply*/
	NULL,                           /*nb_remainder*/
	NULL,                           /*nb_divmod*/
	NULL,                           /*nb_power*/
	(unaryfunc)     Quaternion_neg, /*nb_negative*/
	(unaryfunc)     Quaternion_copy,/*tp_positive*/
	(unaryfunc)     0,  /*tp_absolute*/
	(inquiry)   0,      /*tp_bool*/
	(unaryfunc) 0,      /*nb_invert*/
	NULL,               /*nb_lshift*/
	(binaryfunc)0,      /*nb_rshift*/
	NULL,               /*nb_and*/
	NULL,               /*nb_xor*/
	NULL,               /*nb_or*/
	NULL,               /*nb_int*/
	NULL,               /*nb_reserved*/
	NULL,               /*nb_float*/
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_add */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_subtract */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_multiply */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_remainder */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_power */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_lshift */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_rshift */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_and */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_xor */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_or */
	NULL,               /* nb_floor_divide */
	NULL,               /* nb_true_divide */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_floor_divide */
	NULL,               /* nb_inplace_true_divide */
	NULL,               /* nb_index */
};

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_axis_doc,
"Quaternion axis value.\n\n:type: float"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_axis_get(QuaternionObject *self, void *type)
{
	return Quaternion_item(self, GET_INT_FROM_POINTER(type));
}

static int Quaternion_axis_set(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value, void *type)
{
	return Quaternion_ass_item(self, GET_INT_FROM_POINTER(type), value);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_magnitude_doc,
"Size of the quaternion (read-only).\n\n:type: float"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_magnitude_get(QuaternionObject *self, void *UNUSED(closure))
{
	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	return PyFloat_FromDouble(sqrt(dot_qtqt(self->quat, self->quat)));
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_angle_doc,
"Angle of the quaternion.\n\n:type: float"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_angle_get(QuaternionObject *self, void *UNUSED(closure))
{
	float tquat[4];
	float angle;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);

	angle = 2.0f * saacos(tquat[0]);

	quat__axis_angle_sanitize(NULL, &angle);

	return PyFloat_FromDouble(angle);
}

static int Quaternion_angle_set(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value, void *UNUSED(closure))
{
	float tquat[4];
	float len;

	float axis[3], angle_dummy;
	float angle;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return -1;

	len = normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);
	quat_to_axis_angle(axis, &angle_dummy, tquat);

	angle = PyFloat_AsDouble(value);

	if (angle == -1.0f && PyErr_Occurred()) { /* parsed item not a number */
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		                "Quaternion.angle = value: float expected");
		return -1;
	}

	angle = angle_wrap_rad(angle);

	quat__axis_angle_sanitize(axis, &angle);

	axis_angle_to_quat(self->quat, axis, angle);
	mul_qt_fl(self->quat, len);

	if (BaseMath_WriteCallback(self) == -1)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(Quaternion_axis_vector_doc,
"Quaternion axis as a vector.\n\n:type: :class:`Vector`"
);
static PyObject *Quaternion_axis_vector_get(QuaternionObject *self, void *UNUSED(closure))
{
	float tquat[4];

	float axis[3];
	float angle_dummy;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return NULL;

	normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);
	quat_to_axis_angle(axis, &angle_dummy, tquat);

	quat__axis_angle_sanitize(axis, NULL);

	return Vector_CreatePyObject(axis, 3, Py_NEW, NULL);
}

static int Quaternion_axis_vector_set(QuaternionObject *self, PyObject *value, void *UNUSED(closure))
{
	float tquat[4];
	float len;

	float axis[3];
	float angle;

	if (BaseMath_ReadCallback(self) == -1)
		return -1;

	len = normalize_qt_qt(tquat, self->quat);
	quat_to_axis_angle(axis, &angle, tquat); /* axis value is unused */

	if (mathutils_array_parse(axis, 3, 3, value, "quat.axis = other") == -1)
		return -1;

	quat__axis_angle_sanitize(axis, &angle);

	axis_angle_to_quat(self->quat, axis, angle);
	mul_qt_fl(self->quat, len);

	if (BaseMath_WriteCallback(self) == -1)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/* ----------------------------------mathutils.Quaternion() -------------- */
static PyObject *Quaternion_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
	PyObject *seq = NULL;
	double angle = 0.0f;
	float quat[QUAT_SIZE] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};

	if (kwds && PyDict_Size(kwds)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
		                "mathutils.Quaternion(): "
		                "takes no keyword args");
		return NULL;
	}

	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|Od:mathutils.Quaternion", &seq, &angle))
		return NULL;

	switch (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args)) {
		case 0:
			break;
		case 1:
			if (mathutils_array_parse(quat, QUAT_SIZE, QUAT_SIZE, seq, "mathutils.Quaternion()") == -1)
				return NULL;
			break;
		case 2:
		{
			float axis[3];
			if (mathutils_array_parse(axis, 3, 3, seq, "mathutils.Quaternion()") == -1)
				return NULL;
			angle = angle_wrap_rad(angle); /* clamp because of precision issues */
			axis_angle_to_quat(quat, axis, angle);
			break;
			/* PyArg_ParseTuple assures no more than 2 */
		}
	}
	return Quaternion_CreatePyObject(quat, Py_NEW, type);
}

static PyObject *quat__apply_to_copy(PyNoArgsFunction quat_func, QuaternionObject *self)
{
	PyObject *ret = Quaternion_copy(self);
	PyObject *ret_dummy = quat_func(ret);
	if (ret_dummy) {
		Py_DECREF(ret_dummy);
		return ret;
	}
	else { /* error */
		Py_DECREF(ret);
		return NULL;
	}
}

/* axis vector suffers from precision errors, use this function to ensure */
static void quat__axis_angle_sanitize(float axis[3], float *angle)
{
	if (axis) {
		if (is_zero_v3(axis) ||
		    !finite(axis[0]) ||
		    !finite(axis[1]) ||
		    !finite(axis[2]))
		{
			axis[0] = 1.0f;
			axis[1] = 0.0f;
			axis[2] = 0.0f;
		}
		else if (EXPP_FloatsAreEqual(axis[0], 0.0f, 10) &&
		         EXPP_FloatsAreEqual(axis[1], 0.0f, 10) &&
		         EXPP_FloatsAreEqual(axis[2], 0.0f, 10))
		{
			axis[0] = 1.0f;
		}
	}

	if (angle) {
		if (!finite(*angle)) {
			*angle = 0.0f;
		}
	}
}

/* -----------------------METHOD DEFINITIONS ---------------------- */
static struct PyMethodDef Quaternion_methods[] = {
	/* in place only */
	{"identity", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_identity, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_identity_doc},
	{"negate", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_negate, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_negate_doc},

	/* operate on original or copy */
	{"conjugate", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_conjugate, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_conjugate_doc},
	{"conjugated", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_conjugated, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_conjugated_doc},

	{"invert", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_invert, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_invert_doc},
	{"inverted", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_inverted, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_inverted_doc},

	{"normalize", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_normalize, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_normalize_doc},
	{"normalized", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_normalized, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_normalized_doc},

	/* return converted representation */
	{"to_euler", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_to_euler, METH_VARARGS, Quaternion_to_euler_doc},
	{"to_matrix", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_to_matrix, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_to_matrix_doc},
	{"to_axis_angle", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_to_axis_angle, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_to_axis_angle_doc},

	/* operation between 2 or more types  */
	{"cross", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_cross, METH_O, Quaternion_cross_doc},
	{"dot", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_dot, METH_O, Quaternion_dot_doc},
	{"rotation_difference", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_rotation_difference, METH_O, Quaternion_rotation_difference_doc},
	{"slerp", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_slerp, METH_VARARGS, Quaternion_slerp_doc},
	{"rotate", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_rotate, METH_O, Quaternion_rotate_doc},

	{"copy", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_copy, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_copy_doc},
	{"__copy__", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_copy, METH_NOARGS, Quaternion_copy_doc},
	{"__deepcopy__", (PyCFunction) Quaternion_deepcopy, METH_VARARGS, Quaternion_copy_doc},
	{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};

/*****************************************************************************/
/* Python attributes get/set structure:                                      */
/*****************************************************************************/
static PyGetSetDef Quaternion_getseters[] = {
	{(char *)"w", (getter)Quaternion_axis_get, (setter)Quaternion_axis_set, Quaternion_axis_doc, (void *)0},
	{(char *)"x", (getter)Quaternion_axis_get, (setter)Quaternion_axis_set, Quaternion_axis_doc, (void *)1},
	{(char *)"y", (getter)Quaternion_axis_get, (setter)Quaternion_axis_set, Quaternion_axis_doc, (void *)2},
	{(char *)"z", (getter)Quaternion_axis_get, (setter)Quaternion_axis_set, Quaternion_axis_doc, (void *)3},
	{(char *)"magnitude", (getter)Quaternion_magnitude_get, (setter)NULL, Quaternion_magnitude_doc, NULL},
	{(char *)"angle", (getter)Quaternion_angle_get, (setter)Quaternion_angle_set, Quaternion_angle_doc, NULL},
	{(char *)"axis", (getter)Quaternion_axis_vector_get, (setter)Quaternion_axis_vector_set, Quaternion_axis_vector_doc, NULL},
	{(char *)"is_wrapped", (getter)BaseMathObject_is_wrapped_get, (setter)NULL, BaseMathObject_is_wrapped_doc, NULL},
	{(char *)"owner", (getter)BaseMathObject_owner_get, (setter)NULL, BaseMathObject_owner_doc, NULL},
	{NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL}  /* Sentinel */
};

/* ------------------PY_OBECT DEFINITION-------------------------- */
PyDoc_STRVAR(quaternion_doc,
"This object gives access to Quaternions in Blender."
);
PyTypeObject quaternion_Type = {
	PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
	"Quaternion",                       /* tp_name */
	sizeof(QuaternionObject),           /* tp_basicsize */
	0,                                  /* tp_itemsize */
	(destructor)BaseMathObject_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
	NULL,                               /* tp_print */
	NULL,                               /* tp_getattr */
	NULL,                               /* tp_setattr */
	NULL,                               /* tp_compare */
	(reprfunc) Quaternion_repr,         /* tp_repr */
	&Quaternion_NumMethods,             /* tp_as_number */
	&Quaternion_SeqMethods,             /* tp_as_sequence */
	&Quaternion_AsMapping,              /* tp_as_mapping */
	NULL,                               /* tp_hash */
	NULL,                               /* tp_call */
#ifndef MATH_STANDALONE
	(reprfunc) Quaternion_str,          /* tp_str */
#else
	NULL,                               /* tp_str */
#endif
	NULL,                               /* tp_getattro */
	NULL,                               /* tp_setattro */
	NULL,                               /* tp_as_buffer */
	Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC, /* tp_flags */
	quaternion_doc, /* tp_doc */
	(traverseproc)BaseMathObject_traverse,  /* tp_traverse */
	(inquiry)BaseMathObject_clear,  /* tp_clear */
	(richcmpfunc)Quaternion_richcmpr,   /* tp_richcompare */
	0,                                  /* tp_weaklistoffset */
	NULL,                               /* tp_iter */
	NULL,                               /* tp_iternext */
	Quaternion_methods,                 /* tp_methods */
	NULL,                               /* tp_members */
	Quaternion_getseters,               /* tp_getset */
	NULL,                               /* tp_base */
	NULL,                               /* tp_dict */
	NULL,                               /* tp_descr_get */
	NULL,                               /* tp_descr_set */
	0,                                  /* tp_dictoffset */
	NULL,                               /* tp_init */
	NULL,                               /* tp_alloc */
	Quaternion_new,                     /* tp_new */
	NULL,                               /* tp_free */
	NULL,                               /* tp_is_gc */
	NULL,                               /* tp_bases */
	NULL,                               /* tp_mro */
	NULL,                               /* tp_cache */
	NULL,                               /* tp_subclasses */
	NULL,                               /* tp_weaklist */
	NULL,                               /* tp_del */
};
/* ------------------------Quaternion_CreatePyObject (internal)------------- */
/* creates a new quaternion object */
/*pass Py_WRAP - if vector is a WRAPPER for data allocated by BLENDER
 * (i.e. it was allocated elsewhere by MEM_mallocN())
 *  pass Py_NEW - if vector is not a WRAPPER and managed by PYTHON
 * (i.e. it must be created here with PyMEM_malloc())*/
PyObject *Quaternion_CreatePyObject(float quat[4], int type, PyTypeObject *base_type)
{
	QuaternionObject *self;

	self = base_type ? (QuaternionObject *)base_type->tp_alloc(base_type, 0) :
	                   (QuaternionObject *)PyObject_GC_New(QuaternionObject, &quaternion_Type);

	if (self) {
		/* init callbacks as NULL */
		self->cb_user = NULL;
		self->cb_type = self->cb_subtype = 0;

		if (type == Py_WRAP) {
			self->quat = quat;
			self->wrapped = Py_WRAP;
		}
		else if (type == Py_NEW) {
			self->quat = PyMem_Malloc(QUAT_SIZE * sizeof(float));
			if (!quat) {  /* new empty */
				unit_qt(self->quat);
			}
			else {
				copy_qt_qt(self->quat, quat);
			}
			self->wrapped = Py_NEW;
		}
		else {
			Py_FatalError("Quaternion(): invalid type!");
		}
	}
	return (PyObject *) self;
}

PyObject *Quaternion_CreatePyObject_cb(PyObject *cb_user,
                                       unsigned char cb_type, unsigned char cb_subtype)
{
	QuaternionObject *self = (QuaternionObject *)Quaternion_CreatePyObject(NULL, Py_NEW, NULL);
	if (self) {
		Py_INCREF(cb_user);
		self->cb_user         = cb_user;
		self->cb_type         = cb_type;
		self->cb_subtype      = cb_subtype;
		PyObject_GC_Track(self);
	}

	return (PyObject *)self;
}