Add instructions for installing Linux desktop icons and integration #104718

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Bill-Spitzak wants to merge 2 commits from Bill-Spitzak/blender-manual:main into main

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.gitignore vendored
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# Editors
*~
.vscode/*
# Python virtual environment

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.. toctree::
:hidden:
linux_freedesktop.rst
linux_windowing_environment.rst

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========================
Download the Linux version for your architecture and decompress the file to the desired location
Review

Use a comma instead of multiple or's.

(e.g. ``/opt``, ``~/software`` or ``/usr/local``).
Use a comma instead of multiple or's. ``` (e.g. ``/opt``, ``~/software`` or ``/usr/local``). ```
(e.g. ``~/software`` or ``/usr/local``).
(e.g. ``/opt`` or ``~/software``).
Blender can now be launched by double-clicking the executable.
Blender can now be launched by running the ``blender`` executable in the installed directory.
When using this method of installation, it is possible to have multiple versions of Blender installed.
Getting icons to work is somewhat tedious, but does not have to be redone when updating
blender versions. See :doc:`Installing freedesktop.org icons <linux_freedesktop>`.
For ease of access, you can configure your system by adding a menu entry or shortcut for Blender.
You may also associate blend-files with Blender so that when selected from the file browser,
they will automatically open in Blender.
These settings are typically found in conjunction with the Window Manager settings. (Gnome or KDE.)
When using this method of installation, it is possible to have multiple versions of Blender installed
as they each have a different directory name.
Install from Package Manager

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*******************
Installing freedesktop.org icons
*******************
Exactly where to place icons varies depending on the Linux distribution and the
desktop environment theme. These instructions worked for Pop!_OS, an Ubuntu
spinoff. In general you should search for similar files in order to figure out what
directory to place the icons in. Text you may have to change is in red.
These instructions assume you want to install system-wide in ``/opt``. You can avoid
the need for ``sudo`` by instead installing somewhere in your home directory, using
that directory instead of ``/opt`` and using ``~/.local`` instead of ``/usr``.
**Extract the downloaded ``.tar.xz`` file into a directory in ``/opt``**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo mkdir /opt
cd /opt
sudo tar -xf ~/Downloads/blender-'4.0.2-linux-x64'.tar.xz
**Add a symbolic link to skip the version number**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo rm /opt/blender
sudo ln -s blender-'4.0.2-linux-x64' /opt/blender
**Make running blender from the command line work**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo ln -s /opt/blender/blender /usr/bin/blender
sudo ln -s /opt/blender/blender-thumbnailer /usr/bin/blender-thumbnailer
You should now be able to type ``blender`` in a shell to run it.
**Make the desktop know about the blender application**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo ln -s /opt/blender/blender.desktop /usr/share/applications/
It should now appear in your Application selector, but the icon is missing.
**Make the icon for the blender application work**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo ln -s /opt/blender/blender.svg /usr/share/icons/'hicolor/'scalable/
**Check if the "mime type" exists**
This may be true of any modern Linux install.
.. code-block:: sh
:emphasize-lines: 2
mimetype foo.blend
foo.blend: application/x-blender
Alternative:
.. code-block:: sh
:emphasize-lines: 2
grep blender /etc/mime.types
application/x-blender blend
**Add the mimetype if missing**
Put the following into ``/usr/share/mime/packages/Overrides.xml``:
.. code-block:: xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
<mime-type type="application/x-blender">
<comment>Blender scene</comment>
<glob pattern="*.blend"/>
<sub-class-of type="text/plain"/>
</mime-type>
</mime-info>
And run this:
.. code-block:: sh
sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime
**Make the icon for .blend files work**
.. code-block:: sh
sudo ln -s /opt/blender/blender-symbolic.svg \
/usr/share/icons/'Pop/'scalable/mimetypes/application-x-blender.svg
sudo update-icon-caches /usr/share/icons/'Pop/'
**Make thumbnails work for .blend files**
Put the following into ``/usr/share/thumbnailers/x-blender.thumbnailer``:
.. code-block:: ini
[Thumbnailer Entry]
TryExec=/usr/bin/blender-thumbnailer
Exec=/usr/bin/blender-thumbnailer %i %o
MimeType=application/x-blender;