2024-06-17 18:08:41 +02:00
38 changed files with 232 additions and 358 deletions
--- a/.env.example
+++ b/.env.example
@ -52,3 +52,7 @@ MAILGUN_WEBHOOK_SECRET=
 GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY=
 GOOGLE_RECAPTCHA_SECRET_KEY=
 GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_TRACKING_ID=
+
+STRIPE_API_PUBLISHABLE_KEY=
+STRIPE_API_SECRET_KEY=
+STRIPE_ENDPOINT_SECRET=
--- a/common/tests/factories/subscriptions.py
+++ b/common/tests/factories/subscriptions.py
@ -1,53 +1,10 @@
-from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
-from django.db.models import signals
-
 from factory.django import DjangoModelFactory
 import factory

-import looper.models
+from looper.tests.factories import SubscriptionFactory

-from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
 from subscriptions.models import Team

-User = get_user_model()
-
-
-class PaymentMethodFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.PaymentMethod
-
-    gateway_id = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: looper.models.Gateway.objects.first().pk)
-
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-
-
-class SubscriptionFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Subscription
-
-    plan_id = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda _: looper.models.Plan.objects.first().pk)
-    payment_method = factory.SubFactory(PaymentMethodFactory)
-
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-
-
-class OrderFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Order
-
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-    subscription = factory.SubFactory(SubscriptionFactory)
-    payment_method = factory.SubFactory(PaymentMethodFactory)
-
-
-class TransactionFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Transaction
-
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-    order = factory.SubFactory(OrderFactory)
-    payment_method = factory.SubFactory(PaymentMethodFactory)
-

 class TeamFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
@ -55,38 +12,3 @@ class TeamFactory(DjangoModelFactory):

    name = factory.Faker('text', max_nb_chars=15)
    subscription = factory.SubFactory(SubscriptionFactory)
-
-
-@factory.django.mute_signals(signals.pre_save, signals.post_save)
-class CustomerFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Customer
-
-    billing_email = factory.LazyAttribute(lambda o: '%s.billing@example.com' % o.user.username)
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-
-
-@factory.django.mute_signals(signals.pre_save, signals.post_save)
-class AddressFactory(DjangoModelFactory):
-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Address
-
-    user = factory.SubFactory('common.tests.factories.users.UserFactory')
-
-
-# TODO(anna): this should probably move to looper
-@factory.django.mute_signals(signals.pre_save, signals.post_save)
-def create_customer_with_billing_address(**data):
-    """Use factories to create a User with a Customer and Address records."""
-    customer_field_names = {f.name for f in looper.models.Customer._meta.get_fields()}
-    address_field_names = {f.name for f in looper.models.Address._meta.get_fields()}
-    user_field_names = {f.name for f in User._meta.get_fields()}
-
-    address_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k in address_field_names}
-    customer_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k in customer_field_names}
-    user_kwargs = {k: v for k, v in data.items() if k in user_field_names}
-
-    user = UserFactory(**user_kwargs)
-    AddressFactory(user=user, **address_kwargs)
-    CustomerFactory(user=user, **customer_kwargs)
-    return user
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@ -504,19 +504,19 @@ test = ["djangorestframework", "graphene-django", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytes

 [[package]]
 name = "django-debug-toolbar"
-version = "2.2.1"
+version = "4.3.0"
 description = "A configurable set of panels that display various debug information about the current request/response."
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.5"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "django-debug-toolbar-2.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:7aadab5240796ffe8e93cc7dfbe2f87a204054746ff7ff93cd6d4a0c3747c853"},
-    {file = "django_debug_toolbar-2.2.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7feaee934608f5cdd95432154be832fe30fda6c1249018191e2c27bc0b6a965e"},
+    {file = "django_debug_toolbar-4.3.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e09b7dcb8417b743234dfc57c95a7c1d1d87a88844abd13b4c5387f807b31bf6"},
+    {file = "django_debug_toolbar-4.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:0b0dddee5ea29b9cb678593bc0d7a6d76b21d7799cb68e091a2148341a80f3c4"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
-Django = ">=1.11"
-sqlparse = ">=0.2.0"
+django = ">=3.2.4"
+sqlparse = ">=0.2"

 [[package]]
 name = "django-loginas"
@ -532,19 +532,22 @@ files = [

 [[package]]
 name = "django-nested-admin"
-version = "3.4.0"
+version = "4.0.2"
 description = "Django admin classes that allow for nested inlines"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = "*"
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
 files = [
-    {file = "django-nested-admin-3.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:fbcf20d75a73dcbcc6285793ff936eff8df4deba5b169e0c1ab765394c562805"},
-    {file = "django_nested_admin-3.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:c6852c5ac632f4e698b6beda455006fd464c852459e5e858a6db832cdb23d9e1"},
+    {file = "django-nested-admin-4.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:79a5ce80b81c41a0f48f778fb556a3721029df48580bfce60a5962ffa2ef2d47"},
+    {file = "django_nested_admin-4.0.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:74d8fc0d0f17862ffcece66d39b8814cb649878b3b6ba8438076145a688ea473"},
 ]

 [package.dependencies]
 python-monkey-business = ">=1.0.0"
-six = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+dev = ["Pillow", "black", "dj-database-url", "django-selenosis", "flake8", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytest-django", "pytest-xdist", "selenium"]
+test = ["Pillow", "dj-database-url", "django-selenosis", "pytest", "pytest-cov", "pytest-django", "pytest-xdist", "selenium"]

 [[package]]
 name = "django-pipeline"
@ -1297,7 +1300,7 @@ six = ">=1.11.0"

 [[package]]
 name = "looper"
-version = "2.1.2"
+version = "3.2.9"
 description = ""
 category = "main"
 optional = false
@ -1313,19 +1316,21 @@ braintree = "4.17.1"
 colorhash = "^1.0.3"
 django = "^2.2.0 || 3.0 || 3.0.* || 3.2.*"
 django-countries = "^7.2.1"
+django-nested-admin = "^4.0.2"
 django-pipeline = "^2.0.6"
 geoip2 = "^3.0"
 python-dateutil = "^2.7"
 python-stdnum = "^1.16"
 requests = "^2.22"
+stripe = "7.1.0"
 xhtml2pdf = "^0.2"
 zeep = "4.0.0"

 [package.source]
 type = "git"
 url = "https://projects.blender.org/infrastructure/looper.git"
-reference = "c5f54b309d0"
-resolved_reference = "c5f54b309d001912ef29ea5482864f97be8a2773"
+reference = "56c6d4b"
+resolved_reference = "56c6d4b612a4b0cae032a6b5f9dad0ac4c3608ac"

 [[package]]
 name = "lxml"
@ -2674,6 +2679,22 @@ files = [
    {file = "sqlparse-0.4.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:69ca804846bb114d2ec380e4360a8a340db83f0ccf3afceeb1404df028f57268"},
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "stripe"
+version = "7.1.0"
+description = "Python bindings for the Stripe API"
+category = "main"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.6"
+files = [
+    {file = "stripe-7.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:efd1e54825752c41bb311497cb5b6ae745464a57ca63bbe2847984a2409bcb0a"},
+    {file = "stripe-7.1.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9cc2632230d5742eeb779af2b41c1510e724f498a296dfb40507de98d563f9a2"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+requests = {version = ">=2.20", markers = "python_version >= \"3.0\""}
+typing-extensions = {version = ">=4.5.0", markers = "python_version >= \"3.7\""}
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tblib"
 version = "3.0.0"
@ -2770,14 +2791,14 @@ files = [

 [[package]]
 name = "typing-extensions"
-version = "4.4.0"
-description = "Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.7+"
+version = "4.12.1"
+description = "Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.8+"
 category = "main"
 optional = false
-python-versions = ">=3.7"
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
 files = [
-    {file = "typing_extensions-4.4.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:16fa4864408f655d35ec496218b85f79b3437c829e93320c7c9215ccfd92489e"},
-    {file = "typing_extensions-4.4.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:1511434bb92bf8dd198c12b1cc812e800d4181cfcb867674e0f8279cc93087aa"},
+    {file = "typing_extensions-4.12.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:6024b58b69089e5a89c347397254e35f1bf02a907728ec7fee9bf0fe837d203a"},
+    {file = "typing_extensions-4.12.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:915f5e35ff76f56588223f15fdd5938f9a1cf9195c0de25130c627e4d597f6d1"},
 ]

 [[package]]
@ -2926,4 +2947,4 @@ testing = ["flake8 (<5)", "func-timeout", "jaraco.functools", "jaraco.itertools"
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = "^3.8"
-content-hash = "11610e2657ee40c139b3aa89ccc597309b77d5b1fa8dcc9358cbe06fb3ac5796"
+content-hash = "8ca93ee62a2b6e396676492b70085f90ca192e5a84d742f032e884c3ef691d41"
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ libsasscompiler = "^0.1.5"
 jsmin = "3.0.0"
 sorl-thumbnail = "^12.10.0"
 mistune = "2.0.0a4"
-looper = {git = "https://projects.blender.org/infrastructure/looper.git", rev = "c5f54b309d0"}
+looper = {git = "https://projects.blender.org/infrastructure/looper.git", rev = "56c6d4b"}
 Pillow = "^8.0"
 django-storages = {extras = ["google"], version = "1.11.1"}
 pymongo = "^3.10.1"
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ requests-oauthlib = "^1.3.0"
 django-activity-stream = "^0.9.0"
 django-background-tasks-updated = {git = "https://projects.blender.org/infrastructure/django-background-tasks.git", rev ="2cbe547"}
 django-anymail = {extras = ["mailgun"], version = "8.2"}
-django-nested-admin = "^3.3.3"
+django-nested-admin = "^4.0.2"
 html5lib = "1.1"
 braintree = "4.17.1"
 python-stdnum = "^1.16"
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ django-stubs = "^1.5"
 pre-commit = "2.16.0"
 ipython = "^7.17"
 factory-boy = "^3.0"
-django-debug-toolbar = "^2.2"
+django-debug-toolbar = "^4.2.0"
 flake8 = "^3.8.3"
 flake8-docstrings = "^1.5.0"
 freezegun = "^1.0.0"
--- a/studio/settings.py
+++ b/studio/settings.py
@ -506,6 +506,12 @@ GATEWAYS = {
        'supported_collection_methods': {'automatic', 'manual'},
    },
    'bank': {'supported_collection_methods': {'manual'}},
+    'stripe': {
+        'api_publishable_key': _get('STRIPE_API_PUBLISHABLE_KEY'),
+        'api_secret_key': _get('STRIPE_API_SECRET_KEY'),
+        'endpoint_secret': _get('STRIPE_ENDPOINT_SECRET'),
+        'supported_collection_methods': {'automatic'},
+    },
 }

 # Optional Sentry configuration
@ -678,5 +684,15 @@ S3DIRECT_DESTINATIONS = {
    },
 }

+# A list of payment method types used with stripe for setting a recurring payment:
+# https://stripe.com/docs/api/checkout/sessions/create#create_checkout_session-payment_method_types
+STRIPE_OFF_SESSION_PAYMENT_METHOD_TYPES = [
+    'card',
+    'link',
+    'paypal',
+]
+
+STRIPE_CHECKOUT_SUBMIT_TYPE = 'donate'
+
 # Maximum number of attempts for failing background tasks
 MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3
--- a/subscriptions/forms.py
+++ b/subscriptions/forms.py
@ -5,13 +5,11 @@ import logging
 from django import forms
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.forms.fields import Field
-from django.forms.models import model_to_dict

 from localflavor.administrative_areas import ADMINISTRATIVE_AREAS
 from localflavor.generic.validators import validate_country_postcode
 from stdnum.eu import vat
 import localflavor.exceptions
-
 import looper.form_fields
 import looper.forms
 import looper.models
@ -48,14 +46,6 @@ REQUIRED_FIELDS = {


 class BillingAddressForm(forms.ModelForm):
-    """Unify Customer and Address in a single form."""
-
-    # Customer.billing_email is exposed as email in the Form
-    # because Looper scripts and forms already use "email" everywhere.
-    __customer_fields = {'billing_email': 'email', 'vat_number': 'vat_number'}
-    # Colliding "full_name" and "company" values are taken from and saved to the Address.
-    # FIXME(anna): do we need to use company and full_name on the Customer or only Address?
-
    class Meta:
        model = looper.models.Address
        fields = looper.models.Address.PUBLIC_FIELDS
@ -81,20 +71,6 @@ class BillingAddressForm(forms.ModelForm):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Load additional model data from Customer and set form placeholders."""
-        instance: looper.models.Address = kwargs.get('instance')
-        if instance:
-            assert isinstance(instance, looper.models.Address), 'Must be an instance of Address'
-            customer = instance.user.customer
-            initial = kwargs.get('initial') or {}
-            customer_data = model_to_dict(customer, self.__customer_fields.keys(), {})
-            # Remap the fields, e.g. turning "billing_email" into "email"
-            customer_form_data = {v: customer_data[k] for k, v in self.__customer_fields.items()}
-            # Add Customer data into initial,
-            # making sure that it still overrides the instance data, as it's supposed to
-            kwargs['initial'] = {
-                **customer_form_data,
-                **initial,
-            }
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # Set placeholder values on all form fields
@ -160,43 +136,33 @@ class BillingAddressForm(forms.ModelForm):
                )

    def save(self, commit=True):
-        """Save Customer data as well."""
+        """Save cleared region field."""
        # Validation against region choices is already done, because choices are set on __init__,
        # however Django won't set the updated blank region value if was omitted from the form.
        if self.cleaned_data['region'] == '':
            self.instance.region = ''
        instance = super().save(commit=commit)
-
-        customer = instance.user.customer
-        for model_field, form_field in self.__customer_fields.items():
-            setattr(customer, model_field, self.cleaned_data[form_field])
-        if commit:
-            customer.save(update_fields=self.__customer_fields)
        return instance


-class BillingAddressReadonlyForm(forms.ModelForm):
-    """Display the billing details in a payment form but neither validate nor update them.
+class PaymentForm(BillingAddressForm):
+    """Handle PlanVariation ID and payment method details in the second step of the checkout.

-    Used in PaymentMethodChangeView and PayExistingOrderView.
+    Billing details are displayed as read-only and cannot be edited,
+    but are still used by the payment flow.
    """

-    class Meta:
-        model = looper.models.Address
-        fields = looper.models.Address.PUBLIC_FIELDS
+    gateway = looper.form_fields.GatewayChoiceField()
+    price = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=True)

-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Disable all the billing details fields.
+    # These are used when a payment fails, so that the next attempt to pay can reuse
+    # the already-created subscription and order.
+    subscription_pk = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False)
+    order_pk = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False)

-        The billing details are only for display and for use by the payment flow.
-        """
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        for field_name, field in self.fields.items():
-            if field_name not in BILLING_DETAILS_PLACEHOLDERS:
-                continue
-            field.disabled = True

-    email = forms.EmailField(required=False, disabled=True)
+class AutomaticPaymentForm(PaymentForm):
+    pass


 class SelectPlanVariationForm(forms.Form):
@ -223,53 +189,13 @@ class SelectPlanVariationForm(forms.Form):
            )


-class PaymentForm(BillingAddressForm):
-    """Handle PlanVariation ID and payment method details in the second step of the checkout.
-
-    Billing details are displayed as read-only and cannot be edited,
-    but are still used by the payment flow.
-    """
-
-    payment_method_nonce = forms.CharField(initial='set-in-javascript', widget=forms.HiddenInput())
-    gateway = looper.form_fields.GatewayChoiceField()
-    device_data = forms.CharField(
-        initial='set-in-javascript', widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False
-    )
-
-    price = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=True)
-
-    # These are used when a payment fails, so that the next attempt to pay can reuse
-    # the already-created subscription and order.
-    subscription_pk = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False)
-    order_pk = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False)
-
-
-class AutomaticPaymentForm(PaymentForm):
-    """Same as the PaymentForm, but only allows payment gateways that support transactions."""
-
-    gateway = looper.form_fields.GatewayChoiceField(
-        queryset=looper.models.Gateway.objects.filter(
-            name__in=looper.gateways.Registry.gateway_names_supports_transactions()
-        )
-    )
-
-
-class PayExistingOrderForm(BillingAddressReadonlyForm):
+class PayExistingOrderForm(forms.Form):  # TODO
    """Same as AutomaticPaymentForm, but doesn't validate or update billing details."""

-    payment_method_nonce = forms.CharField(initial='set-in-javascript', widget=forms.HiddenInput())
-    gateway = looper.form_fields.GatewayChoiceField(
-        queryset=looper.models.Gateway.objects.filter(
-            name__in=looper.gateways.Registry.gateway_names_supports_transactions()
-        )
-    )
-    device_data = forms.CharField(
-        initial='set-in-javascript', widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=False
-    )
    price = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput(), required=True)


-class ChangePaymentMethodForm(BillingAddressReadonlyForm, looper.forms.ChangePaymentMethodForm):
+class ChangePaymentMethodForm(forms.Form):  # TODO
    """Add full billing address to the change payment form."""

    pass
--- a/subscriptions/migrations/0002_add_gateways.py
+++ b/subscriptions/migrations/0002_add_gateways.py
@ -1,29 +1,10 @@
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.management import call_command
 from django.db import migrations


-form_description = {
-    'bank': 'When choosing to pay by bank, you will be required to manually perform payments and the subscription will be activated only when we receive the funds.',
-    'braintree': 'Automatic charges',
-}
-frontend_names = {
-    'bank': 'Bank Transfer',
-    'braintree': 'Credit Card or PayPal',
-}
-
-
 def add_gateways(apps, schema_editor):
-    Gateway = apps.get_model('looper', 'Gateway')
-
-    for (name, _) in Gateway._meta.get_field('name').choices:
-        if name == 'mock':
-            continue
-        Gateway.objects.get_or_create(
-            name=name,
-            frontend_name=frontend_names.get(name),
-            is_default=name.lower() == 'braintree',
-            form_description=form_description.get(name),
-        )
+    call_command('loaddata', 'gateways.json', app_label='looper')


 def remove_gateways(apps, schema_editor):
--- a/subscriptions/queries.py
+++ b/subscriptions/queries.py
@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def has_active_subscription(user: User) -> bool:
    active_subscriptions: 'QuerySet[Subscription]' = Subscription.objects.active()

    return active_subscriptions.filter(
-        Q(user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)
+        Q(customer__user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)
    ).exists()


@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ def has_non_legacy_subscription(user: User) -> bool:

    subscriptions: 'QuerySet[Subscription]' = Subscription.objects.filter(is_legacy=False)

-    return subscriptions.filter(Q(user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)).exists()
+    return subscriptions.filter(
+        Q(customer__user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)
+    ).exists()


 def has_subscription(user: User) -> bool:
@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ def has_subscription(user: User) -> bool:
        return False

    return Subscription.objects.filter(
-        Q(user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)
+        Q(customer__user_id=user.id) | Q(team__team_users__user_id=user.id)
    ).exists()


@ -51,7 +53,8 @@ def should_redirect_to_billing(user: User) -> bool:
    if not user.is_authenticated:
        return False

-    if user.subscription_set.exclude(status__in=Subscription._CANCELLED_STATUSES).count() == 0:
+    customer = user.customer
+    if customer.subscription_set.exclude(status__in=Subscription._CANCELLED_STATUSES).count() == 0:
        # Only cancelled subscriptions, no need to redirect to billing
        return False

@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ def should_redirect_to_billing(user: User) -> bool:
        # so this seems to be the only currently available way to tell
        # when to stop showing the checkout to the customer.
        subscription.latest_order() and subscription.payment_method
-        for subscription in user.subscription_set.all()
+        for subscription in customer.subscription_set.all()
    )


@ -76,4 +79,4 @@ def has_not_yet_cancelled_subscription(user: User) -> bool:
        status__in=Subscription._CANCELLED_STATUSES
    )

-    return not_yet_cancelled_subscriptions.filter(Q(user_id=user.id)).exists()
+    return not_yet_cancelled_subscriptions.filter(Q(customer__user_id=user.id)).exists()
--- a/subscriptions/signals.py
+++ b/subscriptions/signals.py
@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ from typing import Set
 import logging

 from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.db import transaction
 from django.db.models import Q
 from django.dispatch import receiver
 import alphabetic_timestamp as ats
 import django.db.models.signals as django_signals

-from looper.models import Customer, Order
+from looper.models import Order
 import looper.admin_log
 import looper.signals

@ -30,17 +31,40 @@ def timebased_order_number():


@receiver(django_signals.post_save, sender=User)
-def create_customer(sender, instance: User, created, **kwargs):
+def create_customer(sender, instance: User, created, raw, **kwargs):
    """Create Customer on User creation."""
+    from looper.models import Customer
+
+    if raw:
+        return
+
    if not created:
        return
-    logger.debug("Creating Customer for user %i" % instance.id)
-    # Assume billing name and email are the same, they should be able to change them later
-    Customer.objects.create(
-        user_id=instance.pk,
-        billing_email=instance.email,
-        full_name=instance.full_name,
+
+    my_log = logger.getChild('create_customer')
+    try:
+        customer = instance.customer
+    except Customer.DoesNotExist:
+        pass
+    else:
+        my_log.debug(
+            'Newly created User %d already has a Customer %d, not creating new one',
+            instance.pk,
+            customer.pk,
        )
+        billing_address = customer.billing_address
+        my_log.info('Creating new billing address due to creation of user %s', instance.pk)
+        if not billing_address.pk:
+            billing_address.email = instance.email
+            billing_address.save()
+        return
+
+    my_log.info('Creating new Customer due to creation of user %s', instance.pk)
+    with transaction.atomic():
+        customer = Customer.objects.create(user=instance)
+        billing_address = customer.billing_address
+        billing_address.email = instance.email
+        billing_address.save()


@receiver(django_signals.pre_save, sender=Order)
--- a/subscriptions/tasks.py
+++ b/subscriptions/tasks.py
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def send_mail_bank_transfer_required(subscription_id: int):
    """Send out an email notifying about the required bank transfer payment."""
    subscription = looper.models.Subscription.objects.get(pk=subscription_id)
    user = subscription.user
-    email = user.customer.billing_email or user.email
+    email = user.customer.billing_address.email or user.email
    assert (
        email
    ), f'Cannot send notification about bank payment for subscription {subscription.pk}: no email'
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def send_mail_subscription_status_changed(subscription_id: int):
    """Send out an email notifying about the activated subscription."""
    subscription = looper.models.Subscription.objects.get(pk=subscription_id)
    user = subscription.user
-    email = user.customer.billing_email or user.email
+    email = user.customer.billing_address.email or user.email
    assert email, f'Cannot send notification about subscription {subscription.pk} status: no email'
    if is_noreply(email):
        raise
@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def send_mail_automatic_payment_performed(order_id: int, transaction_id: int):
    transaction = looper.models.Transaction.objects.get(pk=transaction_id)
    user = order.user
    customer = user.customer
-    email = customer.billing_email or user.email
+    email = customer.billing_address.email or user.email
    logger.debug('Sending %r notification to %s', order.status, email)

    # An Unsubscribe record will prevent this message from being delivered by Mailgun.
@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ def send_mail_no_payment_method(order_id: int):

    user = order.user
    customer = user.customer
-    email = customer.billing_email or user.email
+    email = customer.billing_address.email or user.email
    logger.debug('Sending %r notification to %s', order.status, email)

    # An Unsubscribe record will prevent this message from being delivered by Mailgun.
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/components/list.html
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/components/list.html
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 <table>
  <tbody>
    {# Owned subscriptions #}
-    {% for subscription in user.subscription_set.all %}
+    {% for subscription in user.customer.subscription_set.all %}
      <tr>
        <td class="fw-bold">{% if subscription.team %}Team {% endif %}Subscription #{{ subscription.pk }}</td>
        <td>{% include "subscriptions/components/pretty_status.html" %}</td>
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/base.html
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/base.html
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 {% endblock header_logo %}

 {% block body %}
-  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
+  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
  {% block content %}{% endblock content %}
  <p>Manage subscription in your billing settings: <a href="{{ billing_url }}">{{ billing_url }}</a>.</p>
  <p>
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/base.txt
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/base.txt
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},
+Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},
 {% block content %}{% endblock content %}
 Manage subscription in your billing settings: {{ billing_url }}.

--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/managed_notification.html
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/managed_notification.html
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {% extends "subscriptions/emails/base.html" %}
 {% block body %}
  <p>
-    {{ user.customer.full_name|default:user.email }} has a {% include "subscriptions/components/info.html" %} that just passed its next payment date.
+    {{ user.customer.billing_address.full_name|default:user.email }} has a {% include "subscriptions/components/info.html" %} that just passed its next payment date.

  </p>
  <p>
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/managed_notification.txt
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/managed_notification.txt
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-{{ user.customer.full_name|default:user.email }} has a {% include "subscriptions/components/info.txt" %} that just passed its next payment date.
+{{ user.customer.billing_address.full_name|default:user.email }} has a {% include "subscriptions/components/info.txt" %} that just passed its next payment date.

 See {{ admin_url }} in the Blender Studio admin.
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/paypal_subscription_cancelled.html
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/paypal_subscription_cancelled.html
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 {% endblock header_logo %}

 {% block body %}
-  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
+  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
  <p>
    As you may have heard, Blender Studio's subscription system recently got a new shiny update,
    more on that in <a href="https://studio.blender.org/blog/subscription-system-update-2021/">the blog post</a>.
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/paypal_subscription_cancelled.txt
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/paypal_subscription_cancelled.txt
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-{% load subscriptions %}Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},
+{% load subscriptions %}Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},

 As you may have heard, Blender Studio's subscription system recently got a new shiny update,
 more on that in the blog post https://studio.blender.org/blog/subscription-system-update-2021/ .
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/subscription_expired.html
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/subscription_expired.html
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 {% endblock header_logo %}

 {% block body %}
-  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
+  <p>Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},</p>
  <p>Your Blender Studio subscription #{{subscription.pk}} has expired a while back. We miss you -- and you are missing some exciting content on Blender Studio as well.</p>
  {% if latest_posts or latest_trainings %}
    <p>Just recently, we've published:</p>
--- a/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/subscription_expired.txt
+++ b/subscriptions/templates/subscriptions/emails/subscription_expired.txt
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Dear {% firstof user.customer.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},
+Dear {% firstof user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.customer.billing_address.full_name user.full_name user.email %},

 Your Blender Studio subscription #{{subscription.pk}} has expired a while back. We miss you -- and you are missing some exciting content on Blender Studio as well.{% if latest_posts or latest_trainings %} Just recently, we've published:
 {% for post in latest_posts|slice:":2" %}
--- a/subscriptions/templatetags/subscriptions.py
+++ b/subscriptions/templatetags/subscriptions.py
@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from django import template

 from looper.models import PlanVariation, Subscription
 import looper.money
-import looper.taxes

 import subscriptions.queries

--- a/subscriptions/tests/base.py
+++ b/subscriptions/tests/base.py
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from django.urls import reverse
 import factory
 import responses

-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import create_customer_with_billing_address
+from looper.tests.factories import create_customer_with_billing_address
 import users.tests.util as util

 User = get_user_model()
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        # Create the admin user used for logging
        self.admin_user = util.create_admin_log_user()

-        self.user = create_customer_with_billing_address(
+        self.customer = create_customer_with_billing_address(
            full_name='Алексей Н.',
            company='Testcompany B.V.',
            street_address='Billing street 1',
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
            region='North Holland',
            country='NL',
            vat_number='NL-KVK-41202535',
-            billing_email='billing@example.com',
+            email='billing@example.com',
        )
-        self.customer = self.user.customer
+        self.user = self.customer.user
        self.billing_address = self.customer.billing_address

    def _mock_vies_response(self, is_valid=True, is_broken=False):
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertContains(response, '<h2 class="h3">Bank details:</h2>', html=True)
        self.assertContains(response, 'on hold')
        self.assertContains(response, 'NL07 INGB 0008 4489 82')
-        subscription = response.wsgi_request.user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = response.wsgi_request.user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        self.assertContains(
            response, f'Blender Studio order-{subscription.latest_order().display_number}'
        )
@ -341,11 +341,11 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 0)

    def _assert_bank_transfer_email_is_sent(self, subscription):
-        user = subscription.user
+        customer = subscription.customer
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -384,11 +384,11 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
            self.assertIn('Recurring total: €\xa026.45', email_body.replace('    ', ' '))

    def _assert_subscription_activated_email_is_sent(self, subscription):
-        user = subscription.user
+        customer = subscription.customer
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -397,17 +397,17 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
            self.assertIn('activated', email_body)
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name},', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {customer.billing_address.full_name},', email_body)
            self.assertIn(reverse('user-settings-billing'), email_body)
            self.assertIn('Automatic renewal subscription', email_body)
            self.assertIn('Blender Studio Team', email_body)

    def _assert_team_subscription_activated_email_is_sent(self, subscription):
-        user = subscription.user
+        customer = subscription.customer
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -416,17 +416,17 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
            self.assertIn('activated', email_body)
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name},', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {customer.billing_address.full_name},', email_body)
            self.assertIn(reverse('user-settings-billing'), email_body)
            self.assertIn('Automatic renewal, 15 seats subscription', email_body)
            self.assertIn('Blender Studio Team', email_body)

    def _assert_subscription_deactivated_email_is_sent(self, subscription):
-        user = subscription.user
+        customer = subscription.customer
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        )
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name},', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.billing_address.full_name},', email_body)
            self.assertIn('Automatic payment', email_body)
            self.assertIn('failed', email_body)
            self.assertIn('try again', email_body)
@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.subject, 'Blender Studio Subscription: payment failed')
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name},', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.billing_address.full_name},', email_body)
            self.assertIn('Automatic payment', email_body)
            self.assertIn('failed', email_body)
            self.assertIn('3 times', email_body)
@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 1)
        _write_mail(mail)
        email = mail.outbox[0]
-        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_email])
+        self.assertEqual(email.to, [user.customer.billing_address.email])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct reply_to
        self.assertEqual(email.reply_to, [])
        # TODO(anna): set the correct from_email DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.subject, 'Blender Studio Subscription: payment received')
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name},', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.billing_address.full_name},', email_body)
            self.assertIn('Automatic monthly payment', email_body)
            self.assertIn('successful', email_body)
            self.assertIn('$\xa011.10', email_body)
@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.subject, 'Blender Studio managed subscription needs attention')
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
-            self.assertIn(f'{user.customer.full_name} has', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'{user.customer.billing_address.full_name} has', email_body)
            self.assertIn('its next payment date', email_body)
            self.assertIn('$\xa011.10', email_body)
            self.assertIn(
@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ class BaseSubscriptionTestCase(TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(email.subject, 'We miss you at Blender Studio')
        self.assertEqual(email.alternatives[0][1], 'text/html')
        for email_body in (email.body, email.alternatives[0][0]):
-            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.full_name}', email_body)
+            self.assertIn(f'Dear {user.customer.billing_address.full_name}', email_body)
            self.assertIn(f'#{subscription.pk}', email_body)
            self.assertIn('has expired', email_body)
            self.assertIn(
--- a/subscriptions/tests/test_clock.py
+++ b/subscriptions/tests/test_clock.py
@ -11,11 +11,8 @@ from looper import admin_log
 from looper.clock import Clock
 from looper.models import Gateway, Subscription
 from looper.money import Money
+from looper.tests.factories import SubscriptionFactory, create_customer_with_billing_address

-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import (
-    SubscriptionFactory,
-    create_customer_with_billing_address,
-)
 from subscriptions.tests.base import BaseSubscriptionTestCase
 import subscriptions.tasks
 import users.tasks
@ -31,7 +28,7 @@ class TestClock(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
            # print('fake now:', mock_now.return_value)
            subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
                user=user,
-                payment_method__user_id=user.pk,
+                payment_method__customer_id=user.customer.pk,
                payment_method__recognisable_name='Test payment method',
                payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='braintree'),
                currency='USD',
--- a/subscriptions/tests/test_forms.py
+++ b/subscriptions/tests/test_forms.py
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ class TestBillingAddressForm(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
    def test_instance_loads_both_address_and_customer_data(self):
        form = BillingAddressForm(instance=self.billing_address)

-        # N.B.: email is loaded from Customer.billing_email
        self.assertEqual(form['email'].value(), 'billing@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(form['company'].value(), 'Testcompany B.V.')
        self.assertEqual(form['country'].value(), 'NL')
@ -223,7 +222,6 @@ class TestPaymentForm(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
    def test_instance_loads_both_address_and_customer_data(self):
        form = PaymentForm(instance=self.billing_address)

-        # N.B.: email is loaded from Customer.billing_email
        self.assertEqual(form['email'].value(), 'billing@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(form['company'].value(), 'Testcompany B.V.')
        self.assertEqual(form['country'].value(), 'NL')
--- a/subscriptions/tests/test_queries.py
+++ b/subscriptions/tests/test_queries.py
@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from django.test import TestCase

+from looper.tests.factories import SubscriptionFactory
+
 from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import SubscriptionFactory, TeamFactory
+from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import TeamFactory

 import looper.models

--- a/subscriptions/urls.py
+++ b/subscriptions/urls.py
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ urlpatterns = [
    ),
    path(
        'settings/billing-address/',
-        settings.BillingAddressView.as_view(),
+        looper_settings.BillingAddressView.as_view(),
        name='billing-address',
    ),
    path('settings/receipts/', looper_settings.settings_receipts, name='receipts'),
--- a/subscriptions/views/join.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/join.py
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from django.shortcuts import redirect, get_object_or_404
 from django.views.generic import FormView

 from looper.middleware import COUNTRY_CODE_SESSION_KEY
-from looper.views.checkout import AbstractPaymentView, CheckoutView
+from looper.views.checkout_braintree import AbstractPaymentView, CheckoutView
 import looper.gateways
 import looper.middleware
 import looper.models
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class _JoinMixin:

    def _get_existing_subscription(self):
        # Exclude cancelled subscriptions because they cannot transition to active
-        existing_subscriptions = self.request.user.subscription_set.exclude(
+        existing_subscriptions = self.request.user.customer.subscription_set.exclude(
            status__in=looper.models.Subscription._CANCELLED_STATUSES
        )
        return existing_subscriptions.first()
@ -213,7 +213,6 @@ class ConfirmAndPayView(_JoinMixin, LoginRequiredMixin, FormView):
        ctx = {
            **super().get_context_data(**kwargs),
            'current_plan_variation': self.plan_variation,
-            'client_token': self.get_client_token(currency) if self.customer else None,
            'subscription': self.subscription,
        }
        return ctx
--- a/subscriptions/views/mixins.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/mixins.py
@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ class SingleSubscriptionMixin(LoginRequiredMixin):

    def get_subscription(self) -> Subscription:
        """Retrieve Subscription object."""
-        return get_object_or_404(self.request.user.subscription_set, pk=self.subscription_id)
+        return get_object_or_404(
+            self.request.user.customer.subscription_set, pk=self.subscription_id
+        )

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs) -> dict:
        """Add Subscription to the template context."""
@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ class SingleSubscriptionMixin(LoginRequiredMixin):
        The AnonymousUser instance doesn't have a 'subscriptions' property,
        but login checking only happens in the super().dispatch() call.
        """
-        if not hasattr(request.user, 'subscription_set'):
+        if not hasattr(request.user.customer, 'subscription_set'):
            return self.handle_no_permission()
        response = self.pre_dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        if response:
--- a/subscriptions/views/select_plan_variation.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/select_plan_variation.py
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import logging
 from django.shortcuts import redirect
 from django.views.generic import FormView

-from looper.views.checkout import AbstractPaymentView
+from looper.views.checkout_braintree import AbstractPaymentView
 import looper.gateways
 import looper.middleware
 import looper.models
--- a/subscriptions/views/settings.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/settings.py
@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 """Views handling subscription management."""
-from typing import Optional
 import logging

-from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin
 from django.contrib.messages.views import SuccessMessageMixin
 from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden
 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
@ -10,10 +8,11 @@ from django.urls import reverse_lazy, reverse
 from django.views.generic import UpdateView, FormView

 import looper.models
+import looper.views.checkout_braintree
 import looper.views.settings
+import looper.views.settings_braintree

 from subscriptions.forms import (
-    BillingAddressForm,
    CancelSubscriptionForm,
    ChangePaymentMethodForm,
    PayExistingOrderForm,
@ -26,25 +25,6 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)


-class BillingAddressView(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
-    """Combine looper's Customer and Address into a billing address."""
-
-    template_name = 'settings/billing_address.html'
-    model = looper.models.Address
-    form_class = BillingAddressForm
-    success_url = reverse_lazy('subscriptions:billing-address')
-
-    def _get_customer_object(self) -> Optional[looper.models.Customer]:
-        if self.request.user.is_anonymous:
-            return None
-        return self.request.user.customer
-
-    def get_object(self, queryset=None) -> Optional[looper.models.Address]:
-        """Get billing address."""
-        customer = self._get_customer_object()
-        return customer.billing_address if customer else None
-
-
 class CancelSubscriptionView(SingleSubscriptionMixin, FormView):
    """Confirm and cancel a subscription."""

@ -67,7 +47,7 @@ class CancelSubscriptionView(SingleSubscriptionMixin, FormView):
        return super().form_valid(form)


-class PaymentMethodChangeView(looper.views.settings.PaymentMethodChangeView):
+class PaymentMethodChangeView(looper.views.settings_braintree.PaymentMethodChangeView):
    """Use the Braintree drop-in UI to switch a subscription's payment method."""

    template_name = 'subscriptions/payment_method_change.html'
@ -98,7 +78,7 @@ class PaymentMethodChangeView(looper.views.settings.PaymentMethodChangeView):
        return super().form_invalid(form)


-class PayExistingOrderView(looper.views.checkout.CheckoutExistingOrderView):
+class PayExistingOrderView(looper.views.checkout_braintree.CheckoutExistingOrderView):
    """Override looper's view with our forms."""

    # Redirect to LOGIN_URL instead of raising an exception
@ -111,7 +91,7 @@ class PayExistingOrderView(looper.views.checkout.CheckoutExistingOrderView):
        """Prefill the payment amount and missing form data, if any."""
        initial = {
            'price': self.order.price.decimals_string,
-            'email': self.customer.billing_email,
+            'email': self.customer.billing_address.email,
        }

        # Only set initial values if they aren't already saved to the billing address.
@ -137,7 +117,7 @@ class PayExistingOrderView(looper.views.checkout.CheckoutExistingOrderView):
        if request.user.is_authenticated and self.order.user_id != request.user.id:
            return HttpResponseForbidden()
        self.plan = self.order.subscription.plan
-        return super(looper.views.checkout.CheckoutExistingOrderView, self).dispatch(
+        return super(looper.views.checkout_braintree.CheckoutExistingOrderView, self).dispatch(
            request, *args, **kwargs
        )

--- a/subscriptions/views/teams.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/teams.py
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView

-from looper.views.checkout import AbstractPaymentView
+from looper.views.checkout_braintree import AbstractPaymentView
 import looper.models

 import subscriptions.models
--- a/subscriptions/views/tests/test_join.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/tests/test_join.py
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from looper.tests.test_preferred_currency import EURO_IPV4, USA_IPV4, SINGAPORE_
 from looper.money import Money
 import looper.models

-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import create_customer_with_billing_address
+from looper.tests.factories import create_customer_with_billing_address
 from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
 from subscriptions.tests.base import BaseSubscriptionTestCase
 import subscriptions.tasks
@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class TestPOSTConfirmAndPayView(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

        self._assert_transactionless_done_page_displayed(response)

-        subscription = user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        self.assertEqual(subscription.status, 'on-hold')
        self.assertEqual(subscription.price, Money('EUR', 1490))
        self.assertEqual(subscription.tax, Money('EUR', 259))
@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ class TestPOSTConfirmAndPayView(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

        self._assert_transactionless_done_page_displayed(response)

-        subscription = user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        self.assertEqual(subscription.status, 'on-hold')
        self.assertEqual(subscription.price, Money('EUR', 3200))
        self.assertEqual(subscription.tax, Money('EUR', 0))
@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ class TestPOSTConfirmAndPayView(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

        self._assert_done_page_displayed(response)

-        subscription = user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        order = subscription.latest_order()
        self.assertEqual(subscription.status, 'active')
        self.assertEqual(subscription.price, Money('EUR', 990))
@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ class TestPOSTConfirmAndPayView(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

        self._assert_done_page_displayed(response)

-        subscription = user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        order = subscription.latest_order()
        self.assertEqual(subscription.status, 'active')
        self.assertEqual(subscription.price, Money('EUR', 9000))
@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ class TestPOSTConfirmAndPayView(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

        self._assert_done_page_displayed(response)

-        subscription = user.subscription_set.first()
+        subscription = user.customer.subscription_set.first()
        self.assertEqual(subscription.status, 'active')
        self.assertEqual(subscription.price, Money('EUR', 1490))
        self.assertEqual(subscription.tax, Money('EUR', 0))
--- a/subscriptions/views/tests/test_receipt_pdf.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/tests/test_receipt_pdf.py
@ -10,11 +10,9 @@ from freezegun import freeze_time
 from looper.tests.factories import PaymentMethodFactory, OrderFactory
 import looper.taxes

-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import (
-    TeamFactory,
-    create_customer_with_billing_address,
-)
+from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import TeamFactory
 from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
+from looper.tests.factories import create_customer_with_billing_address

 expected_text_tmpl = '''Invoice
 Blender Studio B.V.
--- a/subscriptions/views/tests/test_select_plan_variation.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/tests/test_select_plan_variation.py
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from freezegun import freeze_time

 from looper.tests.test_preferred_currency import EURO_IPV4, USA_IPV4  # , SINGAPORE_IPV4

-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import create_customer_with_billing_address
+from looper.tests.factories import create_customer_with_billing_address
 from subscriptions.tests.base import BaseSubscriptionTestCase

 # **N.B.**: test cases below require settings.GEOIP2_DB to point to an existing GeoLite2 database.
--- a/subscriptions/views/tests/test_settings.py
+++ b/subscriptions/views/tests/test_settings.py
@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ from django.urls import reverse

 from looper.models import PaymentMethod, PaymentMethodAuthentication, Gateway
 from looper.money import Money
+from looper.tests.factories import SubscriptionFactory

 from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import SubscriptionFactory
 from subscriptions.tests.base import BaseSubscriptionTestCase
 import subscriptions.tasks

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsBillingAddress(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
        user = UserFactory()
        self.client.force_login(user)

-        url = reverse('subscriptions:billing-address')
+        url = reverse('user-settings-billing')
        response = self.client.post(url, full_billing_address_data)

        # Check that the redirect on success happened
@ -51,15 +51,14 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsBillingAddress(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
        self.assertEqual(address.company, 'Test LLC')

        # Check that customer fields were updated as well
-        self.assertEqual(customer.vat_number, 'NL818152011B01')
-        # N.B.: email is saved as Customer.billing_email
-        self.assertEqual(customer.billing_email, 'my.billing.email@example.com')
+        self.assertEqual(customer.billing_address.vat_number, 'NL818152011B01')
+        self.assertEqual(customer.billing_address.email, 'my.billing.email@example.com')

    def test_invalid_missing_required_fields(self):
        user = UserFactory()
        self.client.force_login(user)

-        response = self.client.post(reverse('subscriptions:billing-address'), {})
+        response = self.client.post(reverse('user-settings-billing'), {})

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, 'errorlist')
@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsBillingAddress(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
        data = {
            'email': 'new@example.com',
        }
-        response = self.client.post(reverse('subscriptions:billing-address'), data)
+        response = self.client.post(reverse('user-settings-billing'), data)

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, 'errorlist')
@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsBillingAddress(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
        data = {
            'full_name': 'New Full Name',
        }
-        response = self.client.post(reverse('subscriptions:billing-address'), data)
+        response = self.client.post(reverse('user-settings-billing'), data)

        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, 'errorlist')
@ -103,8 +102,8 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsChangePaymentMethod(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
    def test_can_change_payment_method_from_bank_to_credit_card_with_sca(self):
        bank = Gateway.objects.get(name='bank')
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=bank,
        )
        self.assertEqual(PaymentMethod.objects.count(), 1)
@ -139,8 +138,8 @@ class TestSubscriptionSettingsChangePaymentMethod(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
    def test_can_change_payment_method_from_credit_card_to_bank(self):
        braintree = Gateway.objects.get(name='braintree')
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=braintree,
        )
        self.assertEqual(PaymentMethod.objects.count(), 1)
@ -173,8 +172,8 @@ class TestSubscriptionCancel(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_can_cancel_when_on_hold(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='on-hold',
        )
@ -198,8 +197,8 @@ class TestSubscriptionCancel(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_can_cancel_when_active(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='active',
        )
@ -218,8 +217,8 @@ class TestSubscriptionCancel(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_email_sent_when_pending_cancellation_changes_to_cancelled(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='pending-cancellation',
        )
@ -244,8 +243,8 @@ class TestPayExistingOrder(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_redirect_to_login_when_anonymous(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='on-hold',
        )
@ -264,8 +263,8 @@ class TestPayExistingOrder(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_cannot_pay_someone_elses_order(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='on-hold',
        )
@ -284,8 +283,8 @@ class TestPayExistingOrder(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):

    def test_invalid_missing_required_form_data(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            status='on-hold',
        )
@ -315,8 +314,8 @@ class TestPayExistingOrder(BaseSubscriptionTestCase):
    )
    def test_can_pay_for_manual_subscription_with_an_order(self):
        subscription = SubscriptionFactory(
-            user=self.user,
-            payment_method__user_id=self.user.pk,
+            customer=self.user.customer,
+            payment_method__customer_id=self.user.customer.pk,
            payment_method__gateway=Gateway.objects.get(name='bank'),
            currency='USD',
            price=Money('USD', 1110),
--- a/users/admin.py
+++ b/users/admin.py
@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ from django.utils.html import format_html
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
 from rest_framework.authtoken.admin import TokenAdmin

+import nested_admin
+
+from looper.admin import REL_CUSTOMER_SEARCH_FIELDS
 import looper.admin
 import looper.models

@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ user_section_progress_link.short_description = 'Training sections progress'

 def user_subscriptions_link(obj, title='View subscriptions of this user'):
    admin_view = looper.admin._get_admin_url_name(looper.models.Subscription, 'changelist')
-    link = reverse(admin_view) + f'?user_id={obj.pk}'
+    link = reverse(admin_view) + f'?customer_id={obj.customer.pk}'
    return format_html('<a href="{}">{}</a>', link, title)


@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ class NumberOfBraintreeCustomerIDsFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):


@admin.register(get_user_model())
-class UserAdmin(auth_admin.UserAdmin):
+class UserAdmin(auth_admin.UserAdmin, nested_admin.NestedModelAdmin):
    change_form_template = 'loginas/change_form.html'

    def has_add_permission(self, request):
@ -91,9 +94,9 @@ class UserAdmin(auth_admin.UserAdmin):
        """Count user subscriptions for subscription debugging purposes."""
        queryset = super().get_queryset(*args, **kwargs)
        queryset = queryset.annotate(
-            subscriptions_count=Count('subscription', distinct=True),
+            subscriptions_count=Count('customer__subscription', distinct=True),
            braintreecustomerids_count=Count(
-                'gatewaycustomerid', Q(gateway__name='braintree'), distinct=True
+                'customer__gatewaycustomerid', Q(customer__gateway__name='braintree'), distinct=True
            ),
        )
        return queryset
@ -147,13 +150,12 @@ class UserAdmin(auth_admin.UserAdmin):
        user_subscriptions_link,
        subscriptions,
    )
-    inlines = [
-        looper.admin.AddressInline,
+    inlines = (
+        looper.admin.LinkCustomerTokenInline,
        looper.admin.CustomerInline,
-        looper.admin.GatewayCustomerIdInline,
-    ]
+    )
    ordering = ['-date_joined']
-    search_fields = ['email', 'full_name', 'username']
+    search_fields = ['email', 'full_name', 'username', *REL_CUSTOMER_SEARCH_FIELDS]

    def deletion_requested(self, obj):
        """Display yes/no icon status of deletion request."""
--- a/users/tasks.py
+++ b/users/tasks.py
@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def handle_tracking_event_unsubscribe(event_type: str, message_id: str, event: D
 def unsubscribe_from_newsletters(pk: int):
    """Remove emails of user with given pk from newsletter lists."""
    user = User.objects.get(pk=pk)
-    emails = (user.email, user.customer.billing_email)
+    emails = (user.email, user.customer.billing_address.email)
    for email in emails:
        if not email:
            continue
--- a/users/templates/users/settings/billing.html
+++ b/users/templates/users/settings/billing.html
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@

 {% block settings %}
  <p class="text-muted">Settings</p>
-  <h1 class="mb-3">Subscription{% if user.subscription_set.count > 1 %}s{% endif %}</h1>
+  <h1 class="mb-3">Subscription{% if user.customer.subscription_set.count > 1 %}s{% endif %}</h1>
  <p class="mb-2 text-muted">If you have any problems with billing, contact the team directly on <a href="mailto:{{ ADMIN_MAIL }}">{{ ADMIN_MAIL }}</a>.</p>
  <div>
    {% if user|has_group:"demo" %}
--- a/users/tests/test_tasks.py
+++ b/users/tests/test_tasks.py
@ -5,14 +5,15 @@ from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
 from django.utils import timezone

-from comments.queries import set_comment_like
-from common.tests.factories.comments import CommentFactory
-from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import (
-    TeamFactory,
+from looper.tests.factories import (
    PaymentMethodFactory,
    TransactionFactory,
    create_customer_with_billing_address,
 )
+
+from comments.queries import set_comment_like
+from common.tests.factories.comments import CommentFactory
+from common.tests.factories.subscriptions import TeamFactory
 from common.tests.factories.users import UserFactory
 import users.tasks as tasks
 import users.tests.util as util