This adds a few settings to control global render quality, for faster
renders when tweaking lighting etc. The implementation is not so great,
and this should really be part of a proper render profile and preset
system. So for now it's a hidden Peach feature, enabled by setting rt
to 1. Before the next release, I'll either remove or improve it.
Settings are:
- Maximum subsurf level
- Child particles percentage
- Maximum shadow map samples
- AO and SSS quality factor
Added a new brush option, "Anchored". When enabled, the brush doesn't move with the mouse, but rather stays in it's initial location and grows larger or smaller to follow the mouse. Good for brushing alphas on to the mesh. (Note that this option isn't available for the grab brush, and ignores the smooth stroke option.)
Removed FTYPE from render output panel - was some old format that did index colors, and wasn't even used anywhere.
Added 2 options to the render output panel that can be used for a really basic local renderfarm (even artists can use it!),
"NoOverwrite" and "Touch"
When both are enabled, rendering 1 scene between many pc's on a fast network will populate the directory with frames.
Also useful to delete frames that have errors and re-render (without manually re-rendering each frame)
* Generalized the interactive brush property control from sculpt mode into a simple API
* Modified sculpt mode to take advantage of this (even fixes some minor bugs!)
* Added shortcuts in particle edit to set brush size/strength (FKEY/shift+FKEY)
Still todo are the other modes that have brushes...
Custom Orientations can be added with Ctrl-Shift-C (hotkey suggestions are welcomed), this adds and select the new alignment. Custom Orientations can also be added, deleted, selected from the Transform Orientations panel (View -> Transform Orientations). Standard orientations (global, local, normal, view) can also be selected from this panel.
If you plan on using only a single custom orientation and don't really need a list, I suggest you use the hotkey as it adds and selects at the same time.
Custom Orientations are save in the scene and are selected per 3D view (like normal orientation).
Adding from an object, the orientation is a normalized version of the object's orientation.
Adding from mesh data, a single element (vertex, edge, face) must be selected in its respective selection mode. Vertex orientation Z-axis is based on the normal, edge Z-axis on the edge itself (X-axis is on the XoY plane when possible, Y-axis is perpendicular to the rest). Face orientation Z-axis is the face normal, X-axis is perpendicular to the first edge, Y-axis is perpendicular to the rest.
(More logical orientations can be suggested).
I plan to add: 2 vertice (connected or not) => edge orientation , 3 vertice = face orientation
Differences from the patch:
- orientations no longer link back to the object they came from, everything is copy on creation.
- orientations are overwritten based on name (if you add an orientation with the same name as one that already exists, it overwrites the old one)
=============
A new "Selected to Active" option in the Bake panel, to (typically) bake
a high poly object onto a low poly object. Code based on patch #7339 by
Frank Richter (Crystal Space developer), thanks!.
Normal Mapping
==============
Camera, World, Object and Tangent space is now supported for baking, and
for material textures. The "NMap TS" setting is replaced with a dropdown
of the four choices in the image texture buttons.
http://www.blender.org/development/current-projects/changes-since-244/render-baking/
=========
Merge of the famous particle patch by Janne Karhu, a full rewrite
of the Blender particle system. This includes:
- Emitter, Hair and Reactor particle types.
- Newtonian, Keyed and Boids physics.
- Various particle visualisation and rendering types.
- Vertex group and texture control for various properties.
- Interpolated child particles from parents.
- Hair editing with combing, growing, cutting, .. .
- Explode modifier.
- Harmonic, Magnetic fields, and multiple falloff types.
.. and lots of other things, some more info is here:
http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/BlenderDev/Particles_Rewritehttp://wiki.blender.org/index.php/BlenderDev/Particles_Rewrite_Doc
The new particle system cannot be backwards compatible. Old particle
systems are being converted to the new system, but will require
tweaking to get them looking the same as before.
Point Cache
===========
The new system to replace manual baking, based on automatic caching
on disk. This is currently used by softbodies and the particle system.
See the Cache API section on:
http://wiki.blender.org/index.php/BlenderDev/PhysicsSprint
Documentation
=============
These new features still need good docs for the release logs, help
for this is appreciated.
This adds fractional FPS support to blender and should finally
make NTSC work correctly.
NTSC has an FPS of 30.0/1.001 which is approximately 29.97 FPS.
Therefore, it is not enough to simply make frs_sec a float, since
you can't represent this accurately enough.
I added a seperate variable frs_sec_base and FPS is now
frs_sec / frs_sec_base.
I changed all the places, where frs_sec was used to my best knowledge.
For convenience sake, I added several macros, that should make life
easier in the future:
FRA2TIME(a) : convert frame number to a double precision time in seconds
TIME2FRA(a) : the same in the opposite direction
FPS : return current FPS as a double precision number
(last resort)
This closes bug #6715
Standard framerates not supported / breaks sync -- 23.967 29.967 etc.
https://projects.blender.org/tracker/?func=detail&aid=6715&group_id=9&atid=125
Please give this heavy testing with NTSC files, quicktime in/export
and the python interface.
Errors are most probably only spotted on longer timelines, so that is
also important.
The patch was tested by Troy Sobotka and me, so it most probably should
work out of the box, but wider testing is important, since errors are
very subtle.
Enjoy!
This commit fixes several bugs related to animating armatures. I've also tidied up the formatting in a few files along the way, and also commented the flags for this pose->flag.
What's new/fixed:
* Undo will no longer destroy entire un-keyframed poses. Now it behaves as expected, and only reverses the most recent change.
* On some files, POSE_DO_UNLOCK somehow got set on files and never cleared. The symptom of this was a file in which you suddenly could no longer pose an armature at all without using auto-keyframing. A check to prevent this from happening again has been added (it will also fix old files too)
Notes:
- Now, all PoseChannels get tagged with BONE_UNKEYED after they have been transformed. This flag prevents IPO data being flushed over these new values, even after undo.
- These tags only get removed on frame-changes or inserting new keyframes.
This tweaks the dependency rules for Scenes/Objects a bit. Here is the
rule:
- Each Scene has own dependency graph, and only solves dependencies for
objects in the scene
- However, when using multiple linked Scene-sets, the *current* scene is
allowed to have dependencies to objects in a 'set'.
This works by first calculating the sets, then the current scene.
Example: the current scene can have lights with a track/location
constraint to a character in a set.
(Empty space will get OSA options, that I add tomorrow or so)
- Removed a lot of old unused variables in renderdata. Also meant I had
to remove this from python API... please check if this gives valid
scripts?
- Cleaned up bad formatted code for FFMPG buttons (spaces instead of tabs)
Please read:
http://www.blender3d.org/cms/Imaging.834.0.html
Or in short:
- adding MultiLayer Image support
- recoded entire Image API
- better integration of movie/sequence Images
Was a whole load of work... went down for a week to do this. So, will need
a lot of testing! Will be in irc all evening.
More referenced library issues: if an Object loses the Armature (because
for example the linked file removed it) the Object still had the Pose and
posemode flag set, crashing Blender.
The first incarnation assumed that proxies were local objects per
definition. Unfortunately that makes it impossible to - for example -
reference-link an entire Scene with proxies, to be used as a special
character set.
This commit makes the proxy implementation also a bit more clear.
Related work: the scene-sets were not executed fully or correctly for
the dependency graph. That happens now (in 3d view) as well.
Removed all limitations from render code for maximum threads. The only
define for this now is in BLI_threads.h, and currently set to 8.
Note that each thread renders an entire tile, and also allocates the
buffers for the tiles, so; more threads might work better with smaller
tiles.
IMPORTANT: node system won't work yet with more than 2 threads! So, don't
try material nodes or compositing with over 2 threads. That I'll commit
later today.
What does work (should work :) is AO and soft shadow now.
Dupli-group doesn't work yet for metaballs. Code entered an eternal loop,
because the group-duplication code calls again the metaball creation code.
Disabled this. MakeDisplist needs review!
New toolsettings variable "select_thresh" was not initialized. This caused
the option "similar normals" to not work really (uses a dot product).
It now is initialized (scene.c) as well as corrected in do_versions for
saved files.
- removed "Unified" button, replaced with "HD" preset for 1920x1080 output
- removed the unused "Pass" options
- removed the unused "Strands" render-layer option
Because the internal render pipe supports this already; added two more
render-layer options:
- "Sky", to enable/disable sky render in a layer (this was part of "Solid"
before, not so correct... to ensure previously saved files work, the
"Sky" option is set by default when "Solid" was set. The version patching
will do this temporally always, until we've bumped up version to 2.42
- "Edge", to enable/disable edge render in a layer. Nice for compositing.
Also in this commit: fixed warnings for exported functions for the new
Node Editor pull-down menus.
The Scene audio.mixrate variable was zero on creating new scenes, causing
synced playback to fail.
Added initialize in kernel, and patch in buttons drawing to set the value
for wrongly saved files.
(Pixelshading: small correction for more optimal code)
- code for detecting loops was overly complex, and detected loops wrong
even (when chains partially overlap it gave error)
- that code could NULLify sets of other scenes than the one you tested
- and that code should be in blenkernel, so it can be called in more
locations, like fixing potential loops in old files
- the code for looping over the chained scenes was bad too, I created a
nice #define to keep code readable. (See SETLOOPER in BKE_scene.h)
ALso fixes reports in tracker :)
Patch #4044 patch to change the step when changing frame with up or down arrow keys.
This adds a per Scene setting to specify the number of frames skipped by the up and down arrow.
This setting can be changed in the Timeline header and in the Anim/Playback section of the Scene settings.
Upon loading a file without that setting or creating a new scene, it is set to 10
Also fixed the Start and End frame buttons in the Scene buttons to do a proper refresh.
- Set local sticky in the uv editor as default.
- Don't do live unwrap on fully selected charts or charts with no pins
selected.
- Fixed bug with live unwrap not respecting transform cancel in some cases.
- "View Home" didn't work without an image.
- Move UV Calculation settings (cube size, cylinder radius, ..) into the scene
toolsettings, instead of global variables
- Remove the name LSCM from the UI (and python docs on seams), and replace it
with 'Unwrap', with upcoming ABF this didn't make sense anymore.
- Move the Old/New LSCM switch into the UV Calculation panel. New LSCM is the
default now. Also renamed LSCM there to "Conformal".
- Made some room in the UV Calculation panel by removing the buttons to execute
the UV calculation, only leaving the settings.
Fill Holes:
- LSCM now has an option to fill holes in the chart before unwrapping. This on
by default, and enables two things:
- Prevent internal overlaps (e.g. eyes, mouth) for LSCM unwrapping.
- Allow the internal boundaries to move freely during stretch minimize.
- The possibility to switch it off is there because it is not always possible
to define which the outer boundary is. For example with an open cylinder
where there are two identical holes.
- Scene support in RenderLayers
You now can indicate in Compositor to use RenderLayer(s) from other scenes.
Use the new dropdown menu in the "Render Result" node. It will change the
title of the node to indicate that.
The other Scenes are rendered fully separate, creating own databases (and
octrees) after the current scene was finished. They use their own render
settings, with as exception the render output size (and optional border).
This makes the option an interesting memory saver and speedup.
Also note that the render-results of other scenes are kept in memory while
you work. So, after a render, you can tweak all composit effects.
- Render Stats
Added an 'info string' to stats, printed in renderwindow header. It gives
info now on steps "creating database", "shadow buffers", and "octree".
- Bug fixes
Added redraw event for Image window, when using compositor render.
Text objects were not rendered using background render (probably a bug
since depsgraph was added)
Dropdown buttons in Node editor were not refreshed after usage
Sometimes render window did not open, this due to wrong check for 'esc'.
Removed option that renders view-layers on F12, with mouse in 3d window.
Not only was it confusing, it's now more efficient with the Preview Panel,
which does this nicely.
system tracking changes in nodes, making sure only these nodes and
the ones that depend, are executed.
Further the 'time cursor' now counts down to indicate which node is being
done.
Also: you now can disable the "use nodes" button in the header, edit all
changes, and when you press that button again it nicely executes the
changes.
Still on the todo:
- make compositing threaded
- find a way to nicely exit compositing on input events... so the UI
keeps being responsive
- idea; a 'percentage' menu in header to enforce calculations on smaller
images temporally
-> Rendering in RenderLayers
It's important to distinguish a 'render layer' from a 'pass'. The first is
control over the main pipeline itself, to indicate what geometry is being
is rendered. The 'pass' (not in this commit!) is related to internal
shading code, like shadow/spec/AO/normals/etc.
Options for RenderLayers now are:
- Indicate which 3d 'view layers' have to be included (so you can render
front and back separately)
- "Solid", all solid faces, includes sky at the moment too
- "ZTransp", all transparent faces
- "Halo", the halos
- "Strand", the particle strands (not coded yet...)
Currently only 2 'passes' are exported for render, which is the "Combined"
buffer and the "Z. The latter now works, and can be turned on/off.
Note that all layers are still fully kept in memory now, saving the tiles
and layers to disk (in exr) is also todo.
-> New Blur options
The existing Blur Node (compositor) now has an optional input image. This
has to be a 'value buffer', which can be a Zbuffer, or any mask you can
think of. The input values have to be in the 0-1 range, so another new
node was added too "Map Value".
The value input can also be used to tweak blur size with the (todo)
Time Node.
Temporal screenies:
http://www.blender.org/bf/rt.jpghttp://www.blender.org/bf/rt1.jpghttp://www.blender.org/bf/rt2.jpg
BTW: The compositor is very slow still, it recalulates all nodes on each
change still. Persistant memory and dependency checks is coming!
A full detailed description of this will be done later... is several days
of work. Here's a summary:
Render:
- Full cleanup of render code, removing *all* globals and bad level calls
all over blender. Render module is now not called abusive anymore
- API-fied calls to rendering
- Full recode of internal render pipeline. Is now rendering tiles by
default, prepared for much smarter 'bucket' render later.
- Each thread now can render a full part
- Renders were tested with 4 threads, goes fine, apart from some lookup
tables in softshadow and AO still
- Rendering is prepared to do multiple layers and passes
- No single 32 bits trick in render code anymore, all 100% floats now.
Writing images/movies
- moved writing images to blender kernel (bye bye 'schrijfplaatje'!)
- made a new Movie handle system, also in kernel. This will enable much
easier use of movies in Blender
PreviewRender:
- Using new render API, previewrender (in buttons) now uses regular render
code to generate images.
- new datafile 'preview.blend.c' has the preview scenes in it
- previews get rendered in exact displayed size (1 pixel = 1 pixel)
3D Preview render
- new; press Pkey in 3d window, for a panel that continuously renders
(pkey is for games, i know... but we dont do that in orange now!)
- this render works nearly identical to buttons-preview render, so it stops
rendering on any event (mouse, keyboard, etc)
- on moving/scaling the panel, the render code doesn't recreate all geometry
- same for shifting/panning view
- all other operations (now) regenerate the full render database still.
- this is WIP... but big fun, especially for simple scenes!
Compositor
- Using same node system as now in use for shaders, you can composit images
- works pretty straightforward... needs much more options/tools and integration
with rendering still
- is not threaded yet, nor is so smart to only recalculate changes... will be
done soon!
- the "Render Result" node will get all layers/passes as output sockets
- The "Output" node renders to a builtin image, which you can view in the Image
window. (yes, output nodes to render-result, and to files, is on the list!)
The Bad News
- "Unified Render" is removed. It might come back in some stage, but this
system should be built from scratch. I can't really understand this code...
I expect it is not much needed, especially with advanced layer/passes
control
- Panorama render, Field render, Motion blur, is not coded yet... (I had to
recode every single feature in render, so...!)
- Lens Flare is also not back... needs total revision, might become composit
effect though (using zbuffer for visibility)
- Part render is gone! (well, thats obvious, its default now).
- The render window is only restored with limited functionality... I am going
to check first the option to render to a Image window, so Blender can become
a true single-window application. :)
For example, the 'Spare render buffer' (jkey) doesnt work.
- Render with border, now default creates a smaller image
- No zbuffers are written yet... on the todo!
- Scons files and MSVC will need work to get compiling again
OK... thats what I can quickly recall. Now go compiling!
-> Any Group Duplicate now can get local timing and local NLA override. This
enables to control the entire animation system of the Group.
Two methods for this have been implemented.
1) The quick way: just give the duplicator a "Startframe" offset.
2) Advanced: in the NLA Editor you can add ActionStrips to the duplicator
to override NLA/action of any Grouped Object.
For "Group NLA" to work, an ActionStrip needs to know which Object in a
group it controls. On adding a strip, the code checks if an Action was
already used by an Object in the Group, and assigns it automatic to that
Object.
You can also set this in the Nkey "Properties" panel for the strip.
Change in NLA: the SHIFT+A "Add strip" command now always adds strips to
the active Object. (It used to check where mouse was). This allows to add
NLA strips to Objects that didn't have actions/nla yet.
Important note: In Blender, duplicates are fully procedural and generated
on the fly for each redraw. This means that redraw speed equals to stepping
through frames, when using animated Duplicated Groups.
-> Recoded entire duplicator system
The old method was antique and clumsy, using globals and full temporal
copies of Object. The new system is nicer in control, faster, and since it
doesn't use temporal object copies anymore, it works better with Derived
Mesh and DisplayList and rendering.
By centralizing the code for duplicating, more options can be easier added.
Features to note:
- Duplicates now draw selected/unselected based on its Duplicator setting.
- Same goes for the drawtype (wire, solid, selection outline, etc)
- Duplicated Groups can be normally selected too
Bonus goodie: SHIFT+A (Toolbox) now has entry "Add group" too, with a
listing of all groups, allowing to add Group instances immediate.
-> Library System
- SHIFT+F4 data browse now shows the entire path for linked data
- Outliner draws Library Icons to denote linked data
- Outliner operation added: "Make Local" for library data.
- Outliner now also draws Groups in regular view, allowing to unlink too.
-> Fixes
- depsgraph missed signal update for bone-parented Objects
- on reading file, the entire database was tagged to "recalc" fully,
causing unnecessary slowdown on reading.
Might have missed stuff... :)
Series of fixes in Library linking of groups;
- On library-linking (SHIFT-F1) a Group, the Objects now don't get a "Base"
anymore, meaning they won't show up as Objects in the Scene.
This ensures you can use the linked Group as duplicator without having
your file polluted with new (and linked) objects.
(I realize it should be possible to have it with Base too, will check)
- On append or file-read, the linked Group Objects get drawn properly,
but the animation system doesn't run yet.
- Group buttons (F7) now shows if a Group is from Library
- Outliner draws Library linked data with blue-ish text
Other fixes;
- Using group-duplicator, with originals in hidden layer, now shows and
updates animated Objects correctly.
- All of Object button panels did not have a proper protection against
editing Library data.
Previous experiment (in 2000) didn't satisfy, it had even some primitive
NLA option in groups... so, cleaned up the old code (removed most) and
integrated it back in a more useful way.
Usage:
- CTRL+G gives menu to add group, add to existing group, or remove from
groups.
- In Object buttons, a new (should become first) Panel was added, showing
not only Object "ID button" and Parent, but also the Groups the Object
Belongs to. These buttons also allow rename, assigning or removing.
- To indicate Objects are grouped, they're drawn in a (not theme yet, so
temporal?) green wire color.
- Use ALT+SHIFT mouse-select to (de)select an entire group
But, the real power of groups is in the following features:
-> Particle Force field and Guide control
In the "Particle Motion" Panel, you can indicate a Group name, this then
limits force fields or guides to members of that Group. (Note that layers
still work on top of that... not sure about that).
-> Light Groups
In the Material "Shaders" Panel, you can indicate a Group name to limit
lighting for the Material to lamps in this group. The Lights in a Group do
need to be 'visible' for the Scene to be rendered (as usual).
-> Group Duplicator
In the Object "Anim" Panel, you can set any Object (use Empty!) to
duplicate an entire Group. It will make copies of all Objects in that Group.
Also works for animated Objects, but it will copy the current positions or
deforms. Control over 'local timing' (so we can do Massive anims!) will be
added later.
(Note; this commit won't render Group duplicators yet, a fix in bf-blender
will enable that, next commit will sync)
-> Library Appending
In the SHIFT-F1 or SHIFT+F4 browsers, you can also find the Groups listed.
By appending or linking the Group itself, and use the Group Duplicator, you
now can animate and position linked Objects. The nice thing is that the
local saved file itself will only store the Group name that was linked, so
on a next file read, the Group Objects will be re-read as stored (changed)
in the Library file.
(Note; current implementation also "gives a base" to linked Group Objects,
to show them as Objects in the current Scene. Need that now for testing
purposes, but probably will be removed later).
-> Outliner
Outliner now shows Groups as optio too, nice to organize your data a bit too!
In General, Groups have a very good potential... for example, it could
become default for MetaBall Objects too (jiri, I can help you later on how
this works). All current 'layer relationships' in Blender should be dropped
in time, I guess...
User doc: http://www.blender3d.org/cms/Shape_Keys.678.0.html
- The mixed use of "Vertex Key","Key" or "RVK" in Blender was a bit
confusing. Also a 'vertex key' assumes keys per vertex, which actually is
only a single key for the entire shape. The discussions on blender.org
forums all mentioned "Shape" or "Blend Shapes", which I think is an OK
name for a "Vertex Key" in the UI. :)
- Most work was code spaghetti cleanup. Doing shape-keys now nicely goes
via the depgraph and DerivedMesh. That then allows to have different
shapes per object, with the new "Pin" feature.
Objects now define what Shape is shown (ob->shapenr)
- Added a Shape Panel in the Edit buttons with the various options
- Fixed a lot of issues in the IpoWindow, with drawing the channels.
For example, deleting a key-line there caused the entire Relative option to
go wrong, same for moving the lines up/down.
Changing key-line order now reflects in order of channels. The active
Shape is drawn more clear now too.
- Noticed it doesnt work yet for curves/lattice. Need modifier advise!
a single object, but was still called outside of that scope. Caused crashes
for example when editing Ipo curves of action keys.
editaction.c and editnla.c still need to be tackled...
Aim was to get a total refresh of the animation system. This
is needed because;
- we need to upgrade it with 21st century features
- current code is spaghetti/hack combo, and hides good design
- it should become lag-free with using dependency graphs
A full log, with complete code API/structure/design explanation
will follow, that's a load of work... so here below the list with
hot changes;
- The entire object update system (matrices, geometry) is now
centralized. Calls to where_is_object and makeDispList are
forbidden, instead we tag objects 'changed' and let the
depgraph code sort it out
- Removed all old "Ika" code
- Depgraph is aware of all relationships, including meta balls,
constraints, bevelcurve, and so on.
- Made depgraph aware of relation types and layers, to do smart
flushing of 'changed' events. Nothing gets calculated too often!
- Transform uses depgraph to detect changes
- On frame-advance, depgraph flushes animated changes
Armatures;
Almost all armature related code has been fully built from scratch.
It now reveils the original design much better, with a very clean
implementation, lag free without even calculating each Bone more than
once. Result is quite a speedup yes!
Important to note is;
1) Armature is data containing the 'rest position'
2) Pose is the changes of rest position, and always on object level.
That way more Objects can use same Pose. Also constraints are in Pose
3) Actions only contain the Ipos to change values in Poses.
- Bones draw unrotated now
- Drawing bones speedup enormously (10-20 times)
- Bone selecting in EditMode, selection state is saved for PoseMode,
and vice-versa
- Undo in editmode
- Bone renaming does vertexgroups, constraints, posechannels, actions,
for all users of Armature in entire file
- Added Bone renaming in NKey panel
- Nkey PoseMode shows eulers now
- EditMode and PoseMode now have 'active' bone too (last clicked)
- Parenting in EditMode' CTRL+P, ALT+P, with nice options!
- Pose is added in Outliner now, with showing that constraints are in
the Pose, not Armature
- Disconnected IK solving from constraints. It's a separate phase now,
on top of the full Pose calculations
- Pose itself has a dependency graph too, so evaluation order is lag free.
TODO NOW;
- Rotating in Posemode has incorrect inverse transform (Martin will fix)
- Python Bone/Armature/Pose API disabled... needs full recode too
(wait for my doc!)
- Game engine will need upgrade too
- Depgraph code needs revision, cleanup, can be much faster!
(But, compliments for Jean-Luc, it works like a charm!)
- IK changed, it now doesnt use previous position to advance to next
position anymore. That system looks nice (no flips) but is not well
suited for NLA and background render.
TODO LATER;
We now can do loadsa new nifty features as well; like:
- Kill PoseMode (can be option for armatures itself)
- Make B-Bones (Bezier, Bspline, like for spines)
- Move all silly button level edit to 3d window (like CTRL+I = add
IK)
- Much better & informative drawing
- Fix action/nla editors
- Put all ipos in Actions (object, mesh key, lamp color)
- Add hooks
- Null bones
- Much more advanced constraints...
Bugfixes;
- OGL render (view3d header) had wrong first frame on anim render
- Ipo 'recording' mode had wrong playback speed
- Vertex-key mode now sticks to show 'active key', until frame change
-Ton-
